1. Chernobyl: 20 Years Later

2. 1986: The year of the accident ► 26 April 1986, 1:23:00: A test of the cooling system begins in unit no. 4 of the Chernobyl power plant ► 26 April 1986, 1:23:40: The emergency shutdown fails. ► 26 April 1986, 1:23:44: The reactor in unit no. 4 runs out of control and explodes.

3. Why? ► Design flaws  Lack of containment shell  Positive void coefficient  Graphite moderator ► Dangerous experiment

4. Immediate Soviet Reaction ► Unprepared officials at a local and national level exacerbated the problem ► Firefighters who went to put out the graphite fire were not told of lethal radiation levels ► Eventually the government acknowledged the disaster and ordered the evacuation of nearby Pripyat

5. The Sarcophagus ► A hastily-built concrete and steel structure ► Placed around the remains of Reactor 4 ► Shoddy construction; extremely unstable ► Plans are underway for a new, more permanent building

6. 26 April to 4 May 1986: ► Most of the radiation was released in the first ten days. ► At first, northerly and northwesterly winds predominated. At the end of April the wind switched to the south and southeast. There were frequent but local showers. ► This resulted in a very varied regional and local distribution of the radiation.

8. Health and Physiological Consequences ► Increase in thyroid cancer ► Increase in other types of cancer ► Chronic Illness

9. A young thyroid cancer patient awaiting treatment at a center in Kiev After radiation therapy

10. Psychological Consequences ► Anxiety ► Depression ► Helplessness and despair leading to social withdrawal and loss of hope for the future. ► Other disorders attributable to mental stress

11. Environmental Effects

12. Food and Other Restrictions

13. Sources Image Sources ► http://www.belarusguide.com/che rnobyl1/chfacts.htm http://www.belarusguide.com/che rnobyl1/chfacts.htm http://www.belarusguide.com/che rnobyl1/chfacts.htm ► http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health /382979.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health /382979.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health /382979.stm ► http://www.chernobyl.info/index. php?userhash=15475450&navID= 3&lID=2 http://www.chernobyl.info/index. php?userhash=15475450&navID= 3&lID=2 http://www.chernobyl.info/index. php?userhash=15475450&navID= 3&lID=2 ► http://www.chernobyl.info/index. php?userhash=15475450&navID= 4&lID=2 http://www.chernobyl.info/index. php?userhash=15475450&navID= 4&lID=2 http://www.chernobyl.info/index. php?userhash=15475450&navID= 4&lID=2 ► http://www.uic.com.au/nip22.htm http://www.uic.com.au/nip22.htm ► http://www7.nationalgeographic.c om/ngm/0604/feature1/gallery1.h tml http://www7.nationalgeographic.c om/ngm/0604/feature1/gallery1.h tml http://www7.nationalgeographic.c om/ngm/0604/feature1/gallery1.h tml ► http://www7.nationalgeographic.c om/ngm/0604/feature1/gallery5.h tml http://www7.nationalgeographic.c om/ngm/0604/feature1/gallery5.h tml http://www7.nationalgeographic.c om/ngm/0604/feature1/gallery5.h tml ► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cher nobyl_disaster_effects http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cher nobyl_disaster_effects http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cher nobyl_disaster_effects ► http://www.chernobyl.in.ua/im/sa rcophagus/elephants%20foot.jpg http://www.chernobyl.in.ua/im/sa rcophagus/elephants%20foot.jpg http://www.chernobyl.in.ua/im/sa rcophagus/elephants%20foot.jpg ► http://www.chernobyl.in.ua/en/re d_forest/1 http://www.chernobyl.in.ua/en/re d_forest/1 http://www.chernobyl.in.ua/en/re d_forest/1 Text Sources ► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cher nobyl_disaster http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cher nobyl_disaster ► http://www.chernobyl.co.uk/ http://www.chernobyl.co.uk/ ► http://www.uic.com.au/nip64a.ht m http://www.uic.com.au/nip64a.ht m ► http://www- formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/ chernobyl.html http://www- formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/ chernobyl.html ► http://www.chernobyl.info/index. php?userhash=15475450&navID= 4&lID=2 http://www.chernobyl.info/index. php?userhash=15475450&navID= 4&lID=2 ► http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health /382979.stmhttp://www.who.int/ mediacentre/news/releases/2005/ pr38/en/index.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health /382979.stmhttp://www.who.int/ mediacentre/news/releases/2005/ pr38/en/index.html ► http://www7.nationalgeographic.c om/ngm/0604/sights_n_sounds/i ndex.html http://www7.nationalgeographic.c om/ngm/0604/sights_n_sounds/i ndex.html ► http://www.chernobyl.in.ua/en/re d_forest/1 http://www.chernobyl.in.ua/en/re d_forest/1 ► http://www.greenfacts.org/cherno byl/index.htm http://www.greenfacts.org/cherno byl/index.htm