1. Mrs. Degl1 Chemistry of Life All organisms consist of inorganic and organic compounds. Inorganic Compounds Lack Carbon and Hydrogen combination Examples are Water = H 2 O Salts = NaCl Acids and Bases Organic Compounds Contain both Hydrogen and Carbon 4 major categories of organic compounds Organic Compound Categories 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids (fats) 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids

2. Mrs. Degl2 Carbohydrates Main source of energy for all cell activities Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Usually there are two Hydrogen for every one Carbon (always look for CH 2 ) Includes all starches and sugars There are three types of Carbohydrates (Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, and Polysaccharide) The basic unit (building blocks) of a carbohydrate is a Monosaccharide A monosaccharide is also called a simple sugar Glucose is an example of a Monosaccharide C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and ribose) Carboxyl Group

3. Mrs. Degl3 Also known as a double sugar Formed by the combination of two simple sugars (two monosaccharides) The combination process is called dehydration synthesis Dehydration Synthesis is a process where two compounds combine and water is removed from it. Water is a product of this. Maltose and sucrose are examples of a disaccharides. Disaccharide Carbohydrates + H2OH2O

4. Mrs. Degl4 Carbohydrates Polysaccharides Some monosaccharides chemically combine by dehydration synthesis and form a Polysaccharide. Examples are starches, cellulose, and glycogen Links of glucose

5. Mrs. Degl5 Lipids Source of stored energy in living things Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen The ratio of hydrogen is much greater than 2:1 and is not constant from one to another Lipids are a product of dehydration synthesis of 3 fatty acids and glycerol Fats and oils are examples of lipids Triglycerides are the common name for the fat or oil that forms because of the 3 fatty acids. +

6. Mrs. Degl6 Proteins Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur Amino Acids are the building blocks of protein Living Organisms are usually made of a group of 20 amino acids Two amino acids combine by dehydration synthesis to form a dipeptide You can draw an amino acid two ways This is a dipeptide (two) Amino Acid + Amino Acid = Dipeptide + Water R represents ANY group that can vary

7. Mrs. Degl7 A nucleic acid is composed of nucleotide chains that convey genetic information. The most common nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids are found in all living cells and viruses.nucleotidegenetic informationdeoxyribonucleic acidribonucleic acidcellsviruses Nucleic Acids We will cover this in the Genetics topic!!

8. Mrs. Degl8 CompoundBuilding blocks CarbohydratesMonosaccharides Lipids1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids ProteinsAmino Acids Summary