1.   What was the difference between the revolutions in Central America versus the revolutions in South America? Bell Ringer

2.   Nationalism: what does this term mean?  What three groups were fighting for Europe?  What is the idea of a Nation-State?  Failed Revolutions.  Nationalism in the United States. Agenda/Objectives

3.   The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following?  A. Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas.  B. Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands.  C. Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control.  D. Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states. Stop! Think about it?

5.   1800s: 3 groups struggled for supremacy in European Societies.  - Conservatives  - Liberals  - Radicals Nationalism Changes Europe

6.   Usually wealthy property owners and nobility – argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe.  Certain cases: France, conservatives approved of constitutional monarchies. Conservatives

7.   Mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants.  - Wanted to give more power to elected parliaments, but only to parliaments in which the educated and the landowners could vote. Liberals

8.   Favored drastic change to extend democracy to the people as a whole.  - practice ideas from the French Revolution. Radicals

9.   A new movement called Nationalism emerged.  Nationalism - the belief that one’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history. The idea of the Nation- State

10.   When the nation had its own independent government, it became a nation-state.  Idea came from the French Revolution. The idea of the Nation- State

11.   First people to win self- rule = Greeks  Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire.  - Controlled most of the Balkans.  Balkans: Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. Nationalism Sparks Revolts in the Balkans

12.   Greeks kept alive their ancient history and culture.  Spurred by the nationalist spirit, Greeks demanded to become a nation-state.  Revolts broke out in 1821.  Greeks strongly supported around the world due to ancient history and culture. Nationalism Sparks Revolts in the Balkans

13.   1823: Poet Lord Byron compared the nationalist movement to the Spartans.  - donated money to the Greek fleet.  1824: died of a fever.  1827: British, French, and Russian fleet destroyed the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Navarino.  1830: Britain, France and Russia signed a treaty recognizing the full independence of Greece. Nationalism Sparks Revolts in the Balkans

14.   Liberals and Nationalist openly revolted against Conservative governments.  Liberal middle class leading the revolts: teachers, lawyers, and business people. Reform in Western Europe

15.   1830 – Belgians declared independence from Dutch control.  Italian Nationalist work to unite the many separate states on the Italian peninsula.  - independent or controlled by Austria or the pope.  Austrian Prime Minister Metternich sent troops to restore order in Italy. Failed Revolutions

16.   Mid 1830’s Poland revolted from Russia. Took Russian armies an entire year to crush the rebellion.  Many other failed attempts in Hungary, Germany, Czech, Budapest…  By 1849, Most of Europe returned to Conservative rule. Failed Revolutions

17.   How are we different from the rest of the world when it comes to national identity?  How do you define yourself as an American? Nationalism in the U.S.

18.   Please pass your paper to someone that you believe will give you the feedback you need on your paper. Peer Editing

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