1. Cells and Cell Organelles

2. History Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
The microscope was invented by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch biologist in the early 1600’s. Leeuwenhoek’s invention allowed him to see tiny living organisms in droplets of water.

3. Robert Hooke was the first person to name cells.
Hooke was looking at cork under the microscope and thought they looked like the rooms monks lived in called cells.

4. Over the next 300 years…
Matthias Schleiden – stated that all plants are made of cells. (1838) Theodor Schwann – discovered that all animals are made of cells too (1839). Rudolf Virchow – stated that all cells arise from the division of preexisting cells (1855).

5. Cell Theory Three key statements
    i. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
   ii. The cell is the smallest living organizational unit.
   iii. All cells are produced from previously existing cells.
            

6. 2 type of cells
Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic Cells

7. Prokaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells are . . .
(1)Smaller and more primitive.
(2)Have few organelles and their organelles have no membranes. The cell has no nucleus.
(3)They are bacteria.

8. Eukaryotic Cells Eukraryotic Cells are…..
(1) More advanced, larger, and contain organelles. These cells have a nucleus. Organisms made of these cells include protists, fungi, plants, and animals (including humans).
  2.Organelles allow many activities to take place within the same cell other reactions take place on membrane surfaces and eukaryotic cells have much more internal membrane surface that prokaryotic cells

9. Organization of Organisms
Complex organisms can be organized as follow
Organism
                             Organs and organ systems
                             Tissues
                             Cells
                           Organelles
                             Molecules

10. Cell Membrane
- contains special fat molecules which keep water from passing through
- controls what comes into and goes out of the cell
- also has proteins stuck in it
very important for homeostasis
Selectively permeable

11. Cell Wall - found in plants, bacteria, and fungi
- not living like the cell membrane
- because it is not living it requires pores for things to get in and out.
- protects the plant cell and gives it strnegth and structure
- because it is so strong the plant does not need a skeleton

12. Cytoplasm Also known as cytosol all the liquid which fills the cell
mostly water

13. Nucleus controls the activities of the cell
contains the DNA (genetic information)
DNA is in the form of chromosomes
surrounded by the nuclear membrane which is similar to the cell membrane
the nuclear membrane controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

14. Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration
release energy from the food we eat
break down glucose and other molecules for energy

15. Ribosome Site of Protein Synthesis make protein for the cell
most cells have 1000s of ribosomes
some proteins stay inside the cell, some proteins leave the cell

16. Lysosome - lysosomes break apart worn out cell parts
- like a little recycling center
the parts are then reused to make new cell parts
Typically only found in animal cells

17. Chloroplasts - contain a green pigment called chlorophyll
- this pigment absorbs light from the sun
- the chloroplasts make glucose (the main food) for the plant
- this process is called photosynthesis

18. Vacuole - the vacuole is used for storing things inside the cell
- plant cells usually have very large vacuoles that they use to store water
- the vacuoles of animal cells are not as large but they have many more

19. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER has ribosomes embedded in it
Smooth ER has no ribosomes
Functions in transport in the cell

20. Golgi Bodies
Packages and Secretes proteins for use in the cell

21. Centrioles
Only found in animal cell
Function in cell reproduction