2. Einstein transition probability of absorption

6. m h  Ground state n absorptionemission Inversed Population

8. Boltzmann Distribution

9. Calculate the ratio of 1 H 35 Cl ( o =2886 cm -1 ) molecules present in the first vibrtional energy to those in the zeroth level at room temperature and at 1000ºC.

10. In this sense, it resembles the wave function in quantum mechanics that contains all information about the quantum system. Partition functions are thus some sort of “thermal wave functions” The importance of the molecular partition function lies in the fact that it contains all information needed to calculate all macroscopic thermodynamic properties of systems of independent particles

15. Ruby Red

17. Three-level System High power consumption

19. 1s 2 2p 5 5s 1 2p 5 4s 1 2p 5 4p 1 2p 5 3p 1 2p 5 3s 1 2p 6 1S01S0 1S01S0 3S13S1 collisional transfer HeNe Stimulated emission Elect ron impa ct =3390 nm =632.8 nm =1150 nm radiative collisional He-Ne Laser