1. Sanitation in Developing Countries Samir BENSAID Institut int. de l’Eau & de l’Assainissement, IEA ONEP Morocco The Crisis is not a fatality

2. 2 Sanitation in Developing Countries An Alarming Situation

3. 3 Sanitation in Developing Countries Off track the MDGs-related

4. 4 Annual average costs of damage linked to environmental degradation (%GDP) The Cost of Inaction

5. 5 (Source Haller L.,Hutton G., Bartram J. (2004) Estimating the costs and health benefits of water and sanitation improvements at global level WHO Geneva) Economic benefits of Sanitation Improvement1/2 High cost-benefit average 5.5 Sub Saharian Africa 8.9 North Africa 23.5

6. 6 Economic benefits of Sanitation Improvement2/2 Specific Issue REUSE Benefits In addition of the economic benefits of REUSE linked to de-pollution, REUSE could provide an additional non conventional water resources (mainly in arid and semi-arid regions). REUSE could be an ecological and sustainable alternative to Desalination

7. 7 Major Obstacles to Sanitation Improvement Sanitation crisis is above all due to the weakness of the Political Will as shown by limited resources allocated to the sector: Ignorance of Sanitation benefits Lack in integration of sanitation within water programs Water: In contradiction with IWRM and with a sustainable development Dilemma between the Relative « High costs » to implement an Action Plan for Sanitation due to the huge gap to fill by one hand and the unwillingness of the poor people to pay the service by the other hand: Who should pay for negligence in sanitation in the past? Inadequate choices in term of approach and technology, Lack of Capacity Building including awareness & communication

8. 8 1. Setting Sanitation as a Priority by Advocating “Right to Sanitation” 2. Integrating Financing programs for Water and Sanitation Responsibility of both governments and Donors 3. Subsidizing Sanitation through government budget. It’s not fair to make pay the mistakes of the past by only the water users 4. Fostering Public Operators as main tools for achieving MDG’ San. By Investing in Capacity Building and Sharing Common Knowledge (i.e PuP, WOP mechanisms, partnership SIAAP-ONEP, CENTA-ONEP…) 5. R&D for appropriate/sustainable Approaches & Technologies e.g. Sustainable Sanitation approaches enable the complete recovery of all nutrients from faeces, urine and greywater to the benefit of agriculture, and the minimisation of water pollution Major Key Issues For A Sustainable Strategy in Sanitation SIAAP-ONEP An exemplary partnership

9. 9 I-The relevant perimeter to manage Sanitation? How to deal with the dilemma between: - Managing sanitation services by local authorities and - IWRM approach which is rather operated at a catchment level & involves different water using sectors II- Stormwater Management Flooding is becoming increasingly a huge problem, because it generates human, environmental & economic disasters even in developing countries cities II- Public or Private management? Specific Key Issues to Debate « An extensive review of 22 empirical tests and 48 case studies on the effect of private sector participation in water services has been conducted.This survey shows that private sector participation, per se, in water supply does not systematically lead to gains in efficiency » « An extensive review of 22 empirical tests and 48 case studies on the effect of private sector participation in water services has been conducted.This survey shows that private sector participation, per se, in water supply does not systematically lead to gains in efficiency ». Ref. OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Working Paper No. 265 - Mars 2008 - PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION & REGULATORY REFORM IN WATER SUPPLY: THE SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN EXPERIENCE.

10. 10 Thank you for your attention and your comments Contact Samir BENSAID samir.bensaid@gmail.com