1. RACE TO THE GOVERNOR’S HOUSE #5

2. 1)During the period of __________ after the Civil War, Virginia faced many problems.

3. Reconstruction

4. 2)What did Congress create to help newly freed slaves after the Civil War because they needed food, schools, and medical care?

5. Freedmen’s Bureau

6. 3) This system developed because plantation owners lacked money to pay for workers, and freedmen and poor white farmers needed land and work.

7. sharecropping

8. 4)Why was Virginia’s economy in ruins after the Civil War?

9. 1) Money had no value. 2) Banks were closed. 3) Railroads, bridges, plantations, and crops were destroyed.

10. 5)After the Civil War, people moved from rural to _____ areas, seeking economic opportunities.

11. urban

12. 6)The practice of _____, or separating people by race or religion, had a significant impact on life in Virginia in the 20 th century.

13. segregation

14. 7) In the 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” public schools were ___________.

15. unconstitutional

16. 8)Who was the first African American woman in the U.S. to establish a bank and become bank president?

17. Maggie Lena Walker

18. 9) Under the Jim Crow laws, African- Americans were forced to use separate, poor-quality facilities and services such as _______________, ____________, and ________________.

19. drinking fountains restrooms restaurants

20. 10) “Jim Crow” laws led to the use of unfair ________ ________ and _____ _______ which were established to keep African American men from voting.

21. poll taxes voting tests

22. 11) During the period of Reconstruction, African-Americans began to have power in Virginia’s ______ and men of all races could vote.

23. government

24. 12) After Reconstruction, gains made by African Americans were lost when _______ ________ ________ were passed by southern states. These laws discriminated against African-Americans and American Indians by establishing segregation.

25. Jim Crow Laws

26. 13)During the time of “Jim Crow” laws, African Americans found it very difficult to ____ or hold_______ _______.

27. vote public office

28. 14) During the 20 th and 21 st centuries, Virginia changed from a _____, agricultural society to a more _____, industrial society.

29. rural urban

30. 15)After Reconstruction, Virginia’s cities began to _____ with people, businesses, and factories.

31. grow

32. 16)Name two reasons why agriculture began to change in Virginia during the early 20 th century.

33. 1.Old systems of farming were no longer effective 2. Crop prices were too low

34. 17) _____________ were a key to the expansion of business, agriculture, and industry. They facilitated the growth of small towns into cities.

35. railroads

36. 18) Name three technological developments in transportation that helped cities to grow after Reconstruction and helped expand business, agriculture, and industry.

37. roads railroads streetcars

38. 19) _____ was discovered in Tazewell county and boosted Virginia’s economic growth.

39. Coal

40. 20) Who was the first African-American governor in the United States? (He was governor for Virginia.)

41. L. Douglas Wilder

42. 21) Who was known for the “pay-as-you- go” policy for road improvements?

43. Harry F. Byrd Sr.

44. 22) Who was the first African-American winner of a major men’s tennis championship? He was also an author and spokesperson for social change.

45. Arthur Ashe

46. 23) Who led the Massive Resistance Movement against integration of public schools in Virginia?

47. Harry F. Byrd Sr.

48. 24) ___________ farming and the manufacture of __________ products became important Virginia industries, particularly in the Piedmont region.

49. tobacco, tobacco

50. 25)_____ is the unfair difference in the treatment of people.

51. Discrimination

52. 26) All public schools, including those in Virginia, were ordered to _____ in order to end racial segregation. The policy of Massive Resistance failed and Virginia’s public schools were finally integrated.

53. desegregate

54. 27) As Virginia grew, the need for more and better _____ increased.

55. roads

56. 28)____ is the full equality of all races in the use of public facilities and services. In Virginia, some schools were closed to avoid this.

57. integration

58. 29) Virginia’s government adopted a policy of ______ _______ which fought to “resist” the integration of public schools.

59. Massive Resistance

60. 30) Who was a 20 th century president who wrote a plan for world peace?

61. Woodrow Wilson

62. 31) He was a military leader who created an economic plan to ensure world peace following World War II.

63. George C. Marshall

64. 32) In the 20 th century, Northern Virginia experienced growth due to an increase in the number of __________ ___________ jobs in the region.

65. federal government

66. 33) Who was a lawyer and Civil Rights leader who worked for equal rights? He played a key role in Brown v. Board of Education.

67. Oliver W. Hill

68. 34) He was a governor of Virginia who promoted racial equality. He also appointed more African Americans to positions in VA’s state government than any previous governor.

69. A. Linwood Holton, Jr.

70. 35) In the late 20 th and early 21 st centuries, Northern Virginia and the Coastal Plain region have grown due to _______ _______.

71. computer technology