1. Brief Summary of Fay and Golomb Ch. 4,5,6,7
3/12/13

2. Outline Fossil Fuels Combustion of Fossil Fuels
Biomass, Synthetic Fuels
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
Electrical Energy Generation, Transmission, Storage

3. Fossil Fuels Constitute 85% of World Energy Consumption Types:
Natural Gas
Petroleum
Coal
Fuel Heating Value (Heat of Combustion)
Adiabatic Combustion or Flame Temperature
T_Fad = T_rt + Hc/(sum_prods (n_i Cp(i)))

4. Combustion of Ethane
C2H (O N2) = 2CO2 + 3H2O N2
Hc = MJ/kg = 1425e3 J/mol
Cp(CO2) = 54.3 J/mol K
Cp(H2O) = 41.2 J/mol K
Cp(N2) = 32.7 J/mol K
T_rt = 298 K
T_Fad = 2148 K

5. Biomass, Synthetic Fuels
Biomass = Plant matter remains
Synthetic Fuels = Fuels derived from Raw fuels (or from Biomass)

6. Fuel Cells & Hydrogen
Electrochemical Cells (Anode, Cathode, Electrolyte)
Hydrogen Fuel Cell (Fig. 4.1, p. 76)
Potential Difference
DPhi_c-a = (Df) M(H2/2 F
Hydrogen as a Fuel

7. Electrical Energy Electricity Generation Electromechanical Systems
P = I (4 pi f r L B)
Transmission (Fig. 5.5, p. 92)
Inversion and Rectification
Storage
Capacitors
Batteries

8. Fossil Fuel Power Plants
Produce 65% of World’s Electricity
Large units (1000 MW)
Basic Components
Fuel Storage
Boiler (including Burner)
Turbine (Steam or Gas)
Condenser (and Cooling Towers)
Generator
Emissions Control Systems

9. Nuclear Power Plants Produce ~ 25% of electricity worldwide
Up to 400 plants worldwide
Energy produced by Nuclear Fission and Chain Reaction
Radioactivity
alpha, beta, gammaradiation
Radioactivity level (disintegrations/s ; Bq)
Decay rate: N = No exp(-kt)

10. Nuclear Reactors Components Types
Fuel Rods, Moderator, Control Rods, Coolant
Types
Boiling Water
Pressurized Water
Gas Cooled
Breeder

11. Nuclear Fuel Cycle Mining & Refining Gasification & Enrichment
Reaction
Spent Fuel Reprocessing
Waste Storage