1. Using Art Therapy For Healing: Interviews from the Navajo Reservation By J. Olivia Drumm Emporia State University

2. Art Therapy Heavily influenced by American and European focus on the unconscious 19 th /20 th century Group of psychiatrists in Europe became interested in the spontaneous art created by mentally ill Emergence of projective testing in clinical psychology Art appreciated as tool for assessment, incorporated into psychotherapy Examples of Projective assessments: Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD), Scribble Technique Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Psycho-educational, Systemic, Integrative

3. Elizabeth Layton

4. Client Axis I: 296.53 Bipolar I Disorder, Most recent episode Depressed, Severe without psychotic features Axis II: 301.83 Borderline Personality Disorder Axis III: diabetic, congestive heart failure, high B.P., rotting shoulders, enlarged heart, sleep apnea, high cholesterol, diverticulosis, anemia, ulcers Axis IV: extreme poverty, inadequate finances, insufficient welfare support Axis V: Some impairment in reality testing or communication DOB: 11/24/1951 Female Widow Caucasian First ECT in 1986 Has experienced 60 to 70+ ECT treatments

5. Artwork

6. Artwork continued

7. Hypothesis Art therapy is an appealing and culturally appropriate form of therapy for populations with beliefs in traditional healing

8. 564 Federally Recognized Tribes

9. POW WOW LAWRENCE, KS 2009

11. I AM ART St. Michaels, AZ 2009

12. I AM ART

13. Appropriate Use of Images

14. Symbol Systems

15. Taboos

16. Navajo Nation

17. Chinle Comprehensive Health Care Behavioral Health Department

18. Staff Interviewed IHS Native Medicine Traditional Practitioners Psychiatrists Psychologists Social Workers (Medical, Supervisor) Mental Health Counselors Substance Abuse Counselors Student Intern School Counselors

19. Interviews Questions What is your definition of culture, ethnicity? What is your cultural/ethnic background? What brought you to this place you are working? What sparked your interest in the field of mental health/healing profession? What is your understanding of the roles of the other members of the Behavioral Health Staff? What are your thoughts on using art therapy with the population you currently serve? What are your thoughts on having an art therapist on staff?

20. Scribble Drawings

21. Art Therapy On the Navajo Reservation – Indian Health Services (IHS) Chinle Comprehensive Health Services – IHS does not have a position available for an art therapist or any of the creative arts/expressive arts – Staff using art therapy with patients, but no art therapist on staff, or staff formally trained in art therapy – Department of Behavioral Health Services Navajo Regional Behavioral Health Center – Advertises art therapy as part of residential services available but does not have a position available for an art therapist