1. Scientists creating synthetic organism B9802095 Kevin Sheu ( 許傑 ) 醫學二

2.  Vocabulary  introduction  Supplements  discussion Outline

3. Vocabulary Piecemeal 逐漸的 Menagerie 動物展 Anew 重新 Play down 貶低 Patent 專利 Moratorium 暫停 ; 中止

4. Vocabulary Mandate 命令 Culmination 巔峰 Consortium 財團 Customize 訂做 Meld 融合 Watermark 水印

5.  Scientists have created a synthetic cell, completely controlled by man-made genetic instructions.  The development may stir anew nagging questions of ethics, law and public safety.  It has the potential to transform genetic engineering. First part

6.  Some researchers chose neutral terms to describe the experimental cell. Some play down the development.  Some view this as an organism with a synthetic genome, not as a synthetic organism. Second part

7.  Several companies are already seeking to take advantage of the new field called synthetic biology.  Environment groups issued a statement “regulate all synthetic biology experiments and products”  There was no immediate reaction from Roman Catholic and protestant groups. Third part

8.  Wrote out the DNA code  Revise the sequence  Synthesize small fragments  Connect the strips  Inject the connected DNA into the genome-removed cell Introduction of DNA synthesis

9. Introduction of shotgun sequencing

10. (from Mycoplasma capricolum’DNA and M. capricolum’s cell, which lives in ruminants causing lung disease.) Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0

11.  James Joyce: 生存、犯錯、倒下、戰勝，用生命創造 生命  J. Robert Oppenheimer: 觀看事物潛能而非表象  Richard Feynman: 我無法創造的，我無法了解 Watermarks in JCVI-syn1.0

12.  Human genome project  Celera Genomics corp.  Kistler Prize  ENI award J. Craig Venter

13.  Artificially synthesized polymer similar to DNA or RNA  PNA's backbone is composed of repeating N-(2- aminoethyl)-glycine units linked by peptide bonds.  Purine and pyrimidine bases are linked to the backbone by methylene carbonyl bonds.  Usage: diagnostic assays and antisense therapies  Earliest life on Earth may have used PNA as a genetic material Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA- 肽核酸 )

14.  1. Will you back up this technique or are against it?  2. What kind of problem might happen if this technique matures? Discussion