1. Vascular plants: FERN and FERN ALLIES

2. Tracheophytes: The Vascular Plants
xylem (for transporting water and mineral nutrients)
phloem (for transporting sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant)
larger and more complex
sporophyte is more prominent
demonstrate increased levels of organization

5. Major evolutionary advances of the vascular plants

6. Major evolutionary advances of the vascular plants

7. Major evolutionary advances of the vascular plants

8. Primitive Vascular Plants: The Fern Allies

9. Division Lycophyta: club mosses
oldest extant group of vascular plants
sporangia organized into strobili (sing.: strobilus)
may be either HOMOSPOROUS or HETEROSPOROUS
Leaves that contained vascular tissue

14. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES
Lycopodium
isospores
bisexual gametophyte

18. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES
Selaginella
small spores (microspores) that germinate to produce the male gametophyte
larger spores (megaspores) that germinate to produce the female gametophyte

21. Division Sphenophyta: scouring rushes
leaves produced at a node (WHORLS)
production of isospores
spores bearing elaters (devices to aid in spore dispersal)
gametophyte is small, photosynthetic and free-living
Silica concentrated
jointed stems

26. Division Psilophyta
traditionally considered to be the oldest living lineage of vascular plants
lack roots
stem is photosynthetic
no leaves but rather minute enations

28. sporangia occur in fused groups (synangia)
bilobed synangia of Tmesipteris
trilobed synangia of Psilotum
resembles what paleobotanists believe Cooksonia

30. CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Underground rhizome 2. Unicellular rhizoids 3. Erect stems dichotomize into the main photosynthetic organ

33. REPRESENTATIVE species
Psilotum (2 species) and Tmesipteris (2-5 species)

37. TRUE Ferns

38. Division Pteridophyta
reproduce by spores from which the free-living bisexual gametophyte generation develops
megaphyllous leaves
leaf is called a frond
fiddleheads
central axis of a compound frond is called the rachis

45. ANTHERIDIUM
ARCHAEGONIUM

47. READING ASSIGNMENT READ ON GYMNOSPERMS AND ANGIOSPERMS
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