1. The Genetics of Bacteria

2. Circular DNA o ` Circular DNA - double stranded aka. its chromosome in nucleoid Bacterial Genome: Plasmid o Plasmid - small circles of “extra” DNA - not necessary for survival, however - important traits fertility factor, antibiotic resistance

5. Bacterial chromo. replicates -two copies move apart -cell grows -plasma membrane pinches -new cell wall deposited

6. division produce s CLONE

7. Origin of Replication

8. Replication in both directions

9. Replication Forks move bidirectionly until they meet

10. Genetically identical daughter cells (clones)

11. mutations produce genetic variation rapidly b/c generational time is sooooooo fast

12. Genetic Recombination: Mutants - no growth - cannot synthesis required amino acid

13. Genetic Recombination: Combine growth

14. Genetic Recombination: Transformation o ` Transformation - uptake of “naked” DNA from the environment Transduction o Transduction - Conjugation o Conjugation -

15. Genetic Recombination: Transformation o ` Transformation - uptake of “naked” DNA from the environment into its chromosome.

16. Genetic Recombination: Transformation o ` Transformation

17. Genetic Recombination: Transduction o ` Transduction - A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.

18. Genetic Recombination: Transduction o ` Transduction - A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.

19. Genetic Recombination: Transduction o ` Transduction - A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.

20. Genetic Recombination: Transduction o ` Transduction - A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.

23. Genetic Recombination: Conjugation o ` Conjugation - bacterial cells join and transfer genetic material through a sex pilli. F factor = fertility factor

24. F+F+ HFR

25. Genetic Recombination: Conjugation o ` Conjugation - bacterial cells join and transfer genetic material through a sex pilli. R plasmid = resistance plasmid

26. “moveable genetic elements”

27. u portions change locations within the chromosome, or they may copy into a new location.

28. GENETIC RESHUFFLIN G

29. 1983 Nobel prize winner

30. Transposons - Example

31. Bacterial Genetic Recombinations 1. Transformation 2. Transduction 3. Conjugation 4. Plasmids 5. Transposons Be able to discuss a few of these methods.