1. Experiences in conducting TNA PERU
Claudia Figallo
Department of Climate Change, Desertification and
Hydrological Resources
Ministry of the Environment

2. Perú
Regions
land area: 1,285,215 km²

4. Peru – one of the countries most affected by climate change
Adaptation made difficult because of many variables (topography, climate, biodiversity, ecosystems).
Peru’s economy is hyper-susceptible to its use of natural resources.
It is further aggravated because Peru is a developing country
Most of the population live on the coast – arid.

5. 0.5% is located around Lake Titicaca where 5% of the population live
97.7% of Peru’s water derives from the Amazon basin, where 30% of the population live
1.8% is located on the Pacific coast, where 65% of the population live

6. Strategic choice of priority sectors - adaptation & mitigation
 
Review national information
Characterize subsectors
Define criteria
Prioritizing
IN PROGRESS

7. Technical & Administrative Assistance CONCYTEC General coordination
Step 1:Organisation
Directive Committee
(parallel process)
Technical & Administrative Assistance
CONCYTEC General coordination
Consultancy
Coast
Andes Mountains
Amazon Basin
NCCC – Technical Group of Science & Technology and other experts - national and sub-national level
Team TNA Perú
Sub-national Level

8. Step 2: National Priorities
Millennium Development Goals 1 y
UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol
National strategy of CC (D.S. Nº PCM)
First TNA Peru (2003) –Mitigation
National System Law of Environmental Management(Law Nº 28245)
General law of Environment (Law Nº 28611)
Social, economic and environmental development plan ( )-CEPLAN
National environmental policy (D.S Nº MINAM) – 2005
Ministry of the Environment
Action plan of adaptation and mitigation against CC (RM N° MINAM)
National action plan of environment – PLANAA (R.M Nº MINAM)
National water resources policy on climate change
Agenda of Investigation into climate change
National strategy on Desertification (under review) -2011
National strategy on climate change (under review) -2011

9. Step 3: Global Scheme Technologies 2 technologies Technologies
Subsector 1
Technologies
USCUSF- Forests
Multi-criteria analysis
Subsector 2
MITIGATION
Waste – solid waste
2 technologies
Agriculture – enteric fermentation & agricultural land
Energy - transport
Water
Subsector 3
Subsector 1
Subsector 2
Subsector 4
Technologies
6 technologies
Multi-criteria analysis
Agriculture
ADAPTATION
Biodiversity
Fisheries
Etc.

10. Selected Sectors: Why? Mitigation - GHG Adaptation - Vulnerability
Forest - Conservation
Hydrological resources
The highest in GHG emissions (2000) Gg CO2 eq
52.3% territory is primary forest
Prevents the loss of biodiversity, controls soil erosion and regulates the water cycle
Forest conservation reduces vulnerability to climate change
Alterations to the hydrological balance - increase or decrease of precipitation
Very sensitive to change in climate.
Used by both the general population and production sectors.
High pressure by agriculture (80%), domestic, industrial (18%) and mining (2%).
High demand for hydrological resources is greatest in areas where supply is low.

11. Hydrological resources: general considerations
“International Conference on Traditional Knowledge
and Living Heritage”
11-12 July 2009, Florence
Major emphasis in technology needs for adaptation
Focus on river systems
Traditional knowledge

12. Hydrological resources: Sub-sectors
Supply of hydrological resources
Quantity (glaciers)
Quality
Uses -demand
Agriculture and animal husbandry
Energy production
Domestic use
Hydro-meteorological extremes
General measures
Early warning systems
Reinforcement of river banks
Flood prevention
The analysis is carried out taking into account supply and demand as a factor of climate change.
Possible consequences include:
-Droughts
-Flooding
-Decrease in water reserves
-Decrease in soil fertility

13. Hydrological resources: Sub-sectors
Supply
Quality (1)
Construct reservoirs and channels
Protect and restore wetlands
Effluent reduction
Promote ‘green’ fertilizers
Quantity (2)
Receding glaciers
Increase in reservoir capacity
Water treatment
Channelling from one river system to another.
Channelling of glacial water
Efficient use of water
Better use of grey water.
Collect rain and glacial water
Replenishment of aquifers (water table)
Improve soil conservation (flooding)
Flood control
Better use of flood waters i.e. Irrigation and human consumption
Use melt water

14. Hydrological resources: Sub-sectors
Demand - uses
Domestic and urban (3)
Reduce wastage
Sanitation not based on water
Implementation of strict water standards
Hydro-energy (4)
Increase turbine efficiency
Agriculture (5)
Use of grey water
Use drought-resistant crops
Improvement in drainage systems –stops soil erosion
Maintain mountain wetlands -”bofedales “
Change cultivation practices
Increase efficiency of irrigation
Increase the price for irrigation water
Hydro-meteorological extremes (6)
Risk associated to water
Early warning systems
Optimize readiness in case of extreme events
Reinforcement of river banks
Flood prevention

15. Forest: Sub-sectors Forest
Enhancing conservation and management of carbon stocks
Afforestation -projects
Silviculture improvement
Reducing pressure
Agro-forestry management
Improvement of productivity of some crops (cacao, coffee, etc.) and seed management
Improvement of efficiency in agricultural productivity and animal husbandry
Improvement of efficiency in the forestry industry.
Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) for REDD+
Threats to natural forest
Geographic Information Systems -GIS
Methodologies for quantifying carbon stocks
Deforestation -monitoring changes in land use

16. Criteria for prioritization of adaptation sub-sectors
Environmental
Economic
Socio-cultural
Criteria
Score
Weight
Contribution to sector vulnerability 9
20%
Contribution to GDP 10
Major contribution to social equity
30%
Level of conflict generated by the use of water 6
Growth potential & future market perspectives
Contribution to food safety & hygiene
25%
Adaptation capacity level regarding climate change 7
40%
Contribution to growth level in relation to reduction in poverty (capacity to generate employment)
35%
Major contribution to local, regional & national identity
Level of problems shared with climate change repercussions relating to water resources, energy, infrastructure & health 8
General reduction in level due to major economic vulnerability
Major sensitivity & work organised in adaptation to climate change
Environmental Criteria Score
7.4
60%
Economic Criteria Score
7.65
Socio-Cultural Criteria Score
7.55
4.44
1.53
1.51
FINAL SCORE
7.48

17. Criteria for prioritization of mitigation sub-sectors
Environmental
Economic
Socio-cultural
Criteria
Score
Weight
Contribution to GHG emissions 9
20%
Contribution to fossil energy replacement 10
Major contribution to social equity
25%
Contribution to reduce GHG emissions 6
Growth potential & future market perspectives
30%
Contribution to food safety & hygiene
Contribution to soil degradation 7
40%
Contribution to growth level in relation to reduction in poverty (capacity to generate employment)
Major contribution to local, regional & national identity
Indirect contribution to reduce GHG emissions 8
Collateral positive impacts on the economy
Major sensitivity & work organised in adaptation to climate change
Environmental Criteria Score
7.4
60%
Economic Criteria Score
7.55
Socio-Cultural Criteria Score
7.45
4.44
1.51
1.49
FINAL SCORE
7.44
REVISAR ESTA DIAPOSITIVA primeras columnas

18. LESSONS LEARNED AND GOOD PRACTICES
HUMAN RESOURCES AND CAPACITIES
Multi-disciplinary Team
Specialists in environment, economics, technology, sociology, politics – participated in the process of NCCC, social, economic and environmental development project, investigation, etc.
Experienced in field work on a national basis
Identify and cover the minimum-required capacities for project coordination
Efficient project coordination
Permanent support
Strengthen capacities

19. LESSONS LEARNED AND GOOD PRACTICES
INPUT, MATERIAL AND TOOLS
Insufficient data
Invest in gathering “up to date” information.
Get sufficient personnel/staff, infrastructure, methods. And systematise it for ease of use.
Maximise support resources
Assessment of UNEP Regional Centre
Learn from other countries’ experiences or projects in ejecution
Tools
Mitigation & adaptation initiatives, CNCC2, UNEP CONCYTEC Database and other information (policies, laws, etc.)

20. LESSONS LEARNED AND GOOD PRACTICES
PROCESSES
Workplan
Detailed tasks and responsibilities (organisation); identify actors and roles; focus on method (level-participation)
Establish a communication procedure (MINAM, CONCYTEC, Consultants, UNEP and participant actors). ‘Be in touch’
Follow-up to the consultants’ activities
Concise instructions must be given
Avoid single-mindedness (focus on strategic priorities-NCCC2, ODM, Inv Agenda, etc.)
Review the results
Define the aims and terms of the project and communicate them to all actors
Define the meaning “sector” within the project context.
“Construct” over pre existing experience and data, and local interest.
Consider the complexity of a biodiversity country in selecting a number of sectors

21. THANK YOU VERY MUCH
Claudia Figallo