2.  Open access means that information can be freely accessed by anyone in the world using an internet connection. (Sherp Authors &Open access,2006 ) anyone in the world using an internet connection. (Sherp Authors &Open access,2006 )  Open access publications are freely and permanently available online to anyone with internet connection. (Springer Open, n.d) online to anyone with internet connection. (Springer Open, n.d)  Open Access is free access to knowledge at no charge to the user (Lossau et tal,2008)  Open access is the name of the revolutionary kind of access, these authors unencumbered by a motive of financial gain,are free to authors unencumbered by a motive of financial gain,are free to their readers.(SUBER,2013) their readers.(SUBER,2013)  Open Access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing.

3. Free availability thanks to unrestricted online access hence e asier access to information for anyone Free availability thanks to unrestricted online access hence e asier access to information for anyone Rapid publication-A streamlined end easy to use online submission and production process Rapid publication-A streamlined end easy to use online submission and production process Greater visibility and impact of research Greater visibility and impact of research Increased opportunity for collaboration Increased opportunity for collaboration Takes advantage of technology - text mining and the digital environment Takes advantage of technology - text mining and the digital environment Better return on investment for research sponsors Better return on investment for research sponsors Encourages and enables greater innovation Encourages and enables greater innovation Faster than traditional publishing Faster than traditional publishing Contributes to education's mission of advancing knowledge Contributes to education's mission of advancing knowledge

4.  NuSpace Institutional repository-this is were research papers are deposited so that they are freely accessible to people. ( students, lecturers and administration staff members)  Open access week-this is a celebration done yearly in October to support open access.  Open access resources are on the NUST website-there is a link to the resources.   Signing of the Berlin declaration

5. Directory of open journals It lists over 1500 open access journals of which 380 can be searched to article It lists over 1500 open access journals of which 380 can be searched to article level. level. Public library of science Is a non profit organisation of scientists and physicians, committed in making Is a non profit organisation of scientists and physicians, committed in making the world’s scientific and medical literature a public resource. the world’s scientific and medical literature a public resource. Bio-Medical Central journal Is an independent publishing house committed in providing free Is an independent publishing house committed in providing free access to peer reviewed bio-medical research Free medical journals The site is dedicated to the promotion of free access to medical journals over the Internet. journals over the Internet.

6. One does not have to subscribe, to get certain information on the internet, hence one would have greater usage and a wider readership.  One will have free online access to the literature necessary for research.  It accelerates research, hence being effective.  As a student, one will access vast information, which is not provided by NUST library but by other libraries under open access.  Access to free and open digital publication of high quality educational materials will help one in self development and meeting international standards, thus the barriers of lack of resources is being removed.