1. POVERTY IN THE U.S.

2. WHAT IS POVERTY?

3. According to the Official Poverty Measure (OPM) in 2012: One Adult: $12,119 Two Adults & One Child: $18,751 Two Adults & Two Children: $23,624

4. 48.8 million Americans live below the poverty line (1 in 7) 15.4% of the US population 12.5% of individuals living in the Pittsburgh MSA 21% of individuals living in the City of Pittsburgh (American Community Survey, 2013, One Year Estimates)

6. HOW HAS POVERTY CHANGED OVER TIME?

8. WHO IS LIVING IN POVERTY?

9. Poverty in the US is highest:  Women  Children  Families headed by single women  Central cities  The South

10. # living in poverty in the US: 21,396,291 Whites 10, 538,290 Blacks 2,002,107 Asians 13,089,210 Hispanics # living in poverty in the Pittsburgh MSA: 209,406 Whites 60,777 Blacks 9,258 Asians 7, 465 Hispanics Poverty by Race (American Community Survey, 2013, One Year Estimates)

11. Many struggling with poverty work: 70% of near poor families work 50% of poor families work 32.1% of workers are near poor 10.6% of workers fall below the poverty line (Analysis of 2011 American Community Survey data in Roberts, Brandon, Deborah Povich, and Mark Mather. 2013. “Low- income working families” The Working Poor Families Project Policy Brief )

12. Brady, David, Andrew Fullerton, and Jennifer Moren Cross. 2010. “More than just nickels and dimes: A cross national analysis of working poverty in affluent countries.” Social Problems, 57:4, pp. 559-585.

13. HOW LONG DO PEOPLE EXPERIENCE POVERTY?

14. 61.8% of the population between the ages of 25-60 will experience at least 1 year of poverty 24.9% will experience 5 or more years of poverty (Rank, Mark and Thomas Hirschl. 2015. “The likelihood of experiencing relative poverty over the life course.” PLoS One, 10:7, pp. 1-11)

15. WHY NOW?

16. I. IMMOBILITY AT THE BOTTOM

17. “Pursuing the American Dream: Economic Mobility Across Generations.” Economic Mobility Project. Washington DC: Pew Charitable Trusts (July 2012)

18. II. RISE OF EXTREME POVERTY

19. For individuals living in households with 2 adults & 2 children: Extreme poverty: $2 a day Deep Poverty: $8.09 a day Poverty: $16.18 a day Near Poverty: $24.27 a day (Schaefer, Luke and Kathryn Edin. 2013. “Rising extreme poverty in the United States and the response of means-tested transfers.” Social Service Review, 87:2, pp. 250-268.)

20. III. WEAKENED INFORMAL SOCIAL TIES

21. IV. CHANGING GEOGRAPHY OF POVERTY

22. Today 1 in 3 poor Americans live in the suburbs (Kneebone, Elizabeth and Alan Berube. 2013. Confronting Suburban Poverty in America. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press)

24. Good, Megan, Kathryn Collins, and Erin Dalton. August 2014. “Suburban Poverty: Assessing Community Need Outside the City.” Research Report. Pittsburgh, PA: Allegheny County Department of Human Services.

25. V. (RE)CONCENTRATION OF POVERTY

29. VI. INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF POOR NEIGHBORHOODS

30. Sharkey, Patrick. 2013. Stuck in Place: Urban neighborhoods and the end of progress toward racial equality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

31.  It would take 5 generations for African Americans to go from living in a high poverty neighborhood to one where the neighborhood’s average income is within 10% of the national average  For African Americans living in poor neighborhoods in 1970, it would take until 2070 for their family members to live in a neighborhood that represents the national average Sharkey, Patrick. 2013. Stuck in Place: Urban neighborhoods and the end of progress toward racial equality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

32. WHY (NOT) NOW?