1. Switching Home Heating Fuel Sources to Conserve Energy and CO 2 Emissions Katelyn Dolan, Annette Schloss, Sarah Silverberg Building Carbon Wedges NR 797/897

2. Proposed Wedge Switch homes currently heating with #2 fuel oil to a biodiesel blend (typical biodiesel combination is 20% biofuel/80% heating oil)

3. E avoided = E BAU - E solution E BAU - the amount of emissions produced if all homes currently heating with oil continue to heat with oil at the current rate E BAU - the amount of emissions produced if all homes currently heating with oil continue to heat with oil at the current rate E solution – the amount of emissions produced if all homes in New England currently heating with oil switch to biodiesel. E solution – the amount of emissions produced if all homes in New England currently heating with oil switch to biodiesel.

4. Determining BAU Residential Fuel Use in 1000 barrels to CO 2 emissions in MMT from 1960 to 2004 *From EIA by state totaled to New England

5. Filling in the equation: Greenhouse gas emission reduction statistics per gallon CO2 emissions from #2 fuel oil: CO2 emissions from #2 fuel oil: 22.384lb/gallon (source EIA) 22.384lb/gallon (source EIA) CO2 emissions from 100% biodiesel: CO2 emissions from 100% biodiesel: 7.6lb/gallon (production and use) (NGM*) 7.6lb/gallon (production and use) (NGM*) 0lb/gallon (assumption that uptake = release) 0lb/gallon (assumption that uptake = release) B20 emissions = (.8*22.384) + (.2*7.6) = 19.4272 (13.2% reduction) B20 emissions = (.8*22.384) + (.2*7.6) = 19.4272 (13.2% reduction) B20 emissions = (.8*22.384) + (.2*0) = 17.9lb/gallon (20% reduction) B20 emissions = (.8*22.384) + (.2*0) = 17.9lb/gallon (20% reduction) *NGM sources: US DOE; US EPA; Worldwatch institute

6. Change in CO 2 Emissions due to a switch from #2 heating oil to B20 using BAU 1990

7. Reduction of CO 2 by a switch to B20 compared with BAU for all residential sources of CO 2 emissions

8. Reduction of CO 2 by a switch to B20 compared with BAU for all New England Sectors of CO 2 emissions

9. E avoided Maximum difference between E BAU and E solution CO 2 emissions in 2050 Maximum difference between E BAU and E solution CO 2 emissions in 2050 5.7MMT CO 2 5.7MMT CO 2 Maximum E avoided Maximum E avoided 195MMT CO 2 between a 2008 phase in start date and 2050 (Complete phase in by 2020 using a 20% reduction) 195MMT CO 2 between a 2008 phase in start date and 2050 (Complete phase in by 2020 using a 20% reduction)

10. Next Steps Efficiency of biofuel vs. heating oil Efficiency of biofuel vs. heating oil Does this depend on crop/ biofuel type Does this depend on crop/ biofuel type Actual quantity of biofuel that will be needed for everyone to switch Actual quantity of biofuel that will be needed for everyone to switch Cropland needed Cropland needed Determining a realistic rate at which everyone will be able to switch Determining a realistic rate at which everyone will be able to switch Other scenarios (B5, B100) Other scenarios (B5, B100)

11. Determining the rate at which people will switch to biodiesel What is the available supply of biodiesel What is the available supply of biodiesel What crop types can be used What crop types can be used What is the land area required to grow these crops What is the land area required to grow these crops Number of business that sell it Number of business that sell it Location of those businesses Location of those businesses Current price of biodiesel versus oil Current price of biodiesel versus oil Contact dealers/ producers Contact dealers/ producers