1. Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies www.wiiw.ac.at Economic Restructuring and Labour Market Developments in the NMS by Michael Landesmann and Hermine Vidovic

2. 2 Topics to be discussed > Aggregate labour market performance NMS-10 vs. EU-15 > Heterogeneity across NMS > Specific labour market features and trends in NMS > Economic restructuring and sectoral employment patterns > Educational attainment and employment structures > Conjectures on future developments

3. 3 Employment trends, 1995-2003 1995 = 100 * 2001/2002 new methodology in Romania.

4. 4 Unemployment rates 1997-2003 (unemployed in % of labour force) Employment rates, 1997-2003 (employed in % of working-age population) AC-4PLBG, ROEU-15 AC-4PLBG, ROEU-15 70 60 50 40 20 15 10 5 0

5. 5 Evolution of employment rates, 1997-2003 Older workers (55-64) Female Young persons (15-24)

6. 6 80 60 40 20 0 25-29 NMS-4 NMS-8PLEU-15 20-24 80 60 40 20 0 NMS-4 NMS-8PLEU-15 Employment rates of younger workers 1998, 2003 15-24 NMS-4 NMS-8PLEU-15 50 40 30 20 10 0

7. 7 Employment rates of older workers 1998, 2003 55-64 NMS-4 NMS-8PLEU-15 50 40 30 20 10 0 80 60 40 20 0 54-59 NMS-4 NMS-8PLEU-15 50-54 80 60 40 20 0 NMS-4 NMS-8PLEU-15

8. 8 Part-time employed in the NMS/EU-15 working less than 30 hours a week, % of total employed Total economy Service sector

9. 9 Long-term unemployment (in % of total unemployed).

10. 10 Sectoral employment patterns NMS, ACs vs EU-15, 2003

11. 11 PL Employment levels by main sector 1995 = 100 BG, RO* NMS-4 (CZ, HU, SK, SI) Note:* new methodology 2001/2002 in RO

12. 12 Employment changes 1995-2003 LFS, in thousand

13. 13 Employment rates of older workers 1998, 2003 50-54 55-59