2. What you will learn in this session
The importance and general principles of infection prevention and control
The nature of Healthcare Associated Infection (HCAI)
Factors that may increase susceptibility to infection
Individual responsibility to infection prevention & control
Where to find information, including legislation, national guidance and local policies
The role of hand hygiene in preventing transmission of infection
Local infrastructure, initiatives and reporting procedures

3. Why is this important?
Compliance with Health and Social Care Act (2008)
Local procedures and guidance
At least 300,000 Healthcare Associated Infections
5,000 patients die as a direct result of HCAI and it is one of the factors in another 15,000 deaths.
Patients with a HCAI are approx. 7 times more likely to die in hospital than uninfected patients
Costs the NHS over £1bn per year

4. What are Healthcare Associated Infections?
Acquired as a result of healthcare interventions
Develop as a direct result of contact in a healthcare setting
Numerous factors increase the risk of individuals acquiring an infection
Poor standards of infection control practice increase the risk of occurrence

5. Colonisation versus infection
Colonisation is when micro-organisms (germs) exist in the body, but don’t invade tissue or cause detectable (clinical) damage
Infection is when micro-organisms (germs) begin to invade the body tissues and cause detectable (clinical) damage

6. Chain of infection

7. Infectious agent… A micro-organism with the ability to cause disease
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Possibility of infection related to:
Virulence (ability to grow and multiply)
Invasiveness (ability to enter tissue)
Pathogenicity (ability to cause disease)

8. The reservoir Where micro-organisms reside and multiply: People
Equipment
Animals
Water
Food
Soil

9. Site of exit
The place of exit providing a way for a micro-organism to leave the body
Examples include:
Any orifice
Break in skin
Via any bodily substance

10. Transmission Direct contact Human-to-human contact Indirect contact
No human-to-human contact

11. Site of entry…
Inhalation
Ingestion
Sexual contact
Breaks in the skin

12. Susceptible host Some people are more susceptible due to: Low immunity
Poor physical resistance
Being very young or old
Being malnourished
Underlying disease

13. Standard precautions Hand hygiene
Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Safe use and disposal of sharps
Management of sharps injuries
Safe disposal of clinical waste
Safe management of laundry
Cleaning and decontamination of re-usable equipment
Maintenance of a clean clinical environment
Safe management of body fluid spillages
Respiratory hygiene

14. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves
Aprons/gowns
Masks
Protective eyewear
PPE is designed to protect healthcare workers from exposure to potentially infectious material

15. Decontamination Management of body fluid spillage
Appropriate cleaning of equipment
Use of appropriate cleaning/disinfection products
Special precautions in high risk area and with high risk patients

16. Laundry
Introduce you organisation’s policy for the management of linen and clothing

17. Clinical waste management
Introduce your own organisation’s policy on waste management

18. Sharps management Ensure correct assembly of sharps container
Dispose of sharps in approved container at the point of use
Don’t exceed the fill limit
Correct disposal of container when required

19. Management of inoculation injuries
Include reference to your own organisations policy on management of inoculation injuries

20. Hand decontamination...
One of the most effective measures in the prevention of transmission of infection
Washing
Hand sanitiser

21. The five moments

22. Barriers to effective hand hygiene
Jewellery (esp. rings with stones)
Nail varnish and false nails
Wrist bands
Wrist watches
Long sleeves

23. Hand hygiene technique
“This sink is for hand washing only”
Wet hands thoroughly with warm water and apply liquid soap
Palm to palm
Right palm over left dorsum and left palm over right dorsum
Palm to palm fingers interlaced
Remember to include wrists, remove all soap, dry hands thoroughly with paper towels and use moisturiser at least three times a day.
Alcohol hand gel should be applied in the same way briskly to increase evaporation
Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked
Rotational rubbing of right thumb clasped in left palm and vice versa
Rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards with clasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa

24. Appropriate products
Liquid soap
Sanitiser
Moisturiser

25. Bare below the elbows

26. Further information http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/index.htm

27. Summary Healthcare Associated Infections are often preventable
All staff have a responsibility to follow infection control procedures all of the time wherever they work in the healthcare economy
Follow appropriate guidelines/policies and safe systems of care

28. Insert trainer’s name, telephone number and email here
THANK YOU
Any Questions?
Insert trainer’s name, telephone number and here