2. Treating Diseases

3. Many diseases can be treated with medical drugs.Many diseases can be treated with medical drugs. Antibiotics: kill or inhibit the growth of some bacterial infections (not viruses) Antibiotics: kill or inhibit the growth of some bacterial infections (not viruses) Immunity: resistant Immunity: resistant to a specific pathogen. to a specific pathogen. Developing immunityDeveloping immunity 1. become infected by a pathogen and survive the disease the disease 2. vaccination

4. Vaccines Vaccines contain pathogens or toxins that have been modified so that they no longer cause disease. Vaccines contain pathogens or toxins that have been modified so that they no longer cause disease. Vaccines produce immunity because they contain antigens that stimulate an immune response, resulting in the production of memory cells.Vaccines produce immunity because they contain antigens that stimulate an immune response, resulting in the production of memory cells. Vaccines prepare the immune system to fightVaccines prepare the immune system to fight off a pathogen should it ever appear in its disease- causing form. off a pathogen should it ever appear in its disease- causing form.

6. Allergy: inappropriate Allergy: inappropriate reaction to a harmless reaction to a harmless substance (pollen, animal substance (pollen, animal dander, food) that may dander, food) that may result from the release of result from the release of histamine from the cells. histamine from the cells. Antihistamines : drugs that Antihistamines : drugs that help counteract the effects help counteract the effects of histamine and of histamine and can relieve symptoms. can relieve symptoms.

7. Cancer Cancer: uncontrolled mitosis Cancer: uncontrolled mitosis A few cells may be transformed into pre-cancer cells every day in each of us in response to radiation, viruses, or chemicals in the environment.A few cells may be transformed into pre-cancer cells every day in each of us in response to radiation, viruses, or chemicals in the environment. The immune system generally destroys them.The immune system generally destroys them. Some tumor cells hide from the immune system by producing antigens that are similar to normal cells so the immune system does not recognize them.Some tumor cells hide from the immune system by producing antigens that are similar to normal cells so the immune system does not recognize them. The tumor cells then multiply and the tumor gets so large that the host is unable to destroy it.The tumor cells then multiply and the tumor gets so large that the host is unable to destroy it.

8. Cancer Treatment Chemotherapy: treatment for cancer that kills tumor cells (can damage healthy tissue) Chemotherapy: treatment for cancer that kills tumor cells (can damage healthy tissue) Breast Cancer in a Mastectomy specimen

9. Prevention and control: Many diseases can be controlled or prevented by proper diet, exercise, and reducing stress. Example: 1. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) 2.Anemia (decreased number of red blood cells) lack of iron in the diet 2.Anemia (decreased number of red blood cells) lack of iron in the diet

10. A pack- a-day smoker will lose a approximately 2 teeth every 10 years.

11. 40,000 Americans are injured by toilets each year.

12. MaleFemale most commoncause of death [3] [3] most commoncause of death [3] [3] prostate cancer prostate cancer (33%) lung cancer (31%) breast cancer breast cancer (32%) lung cancer (27%) lung cancerlung cancer (13%)prostate cancer (10%) lung cancer (12%)breast cancer (15%) colorectal cancer colorectal cancer (10%) colorectal cancer (11%) colorectal cancer (10%) bladder cancer bladder cancer (7%) pancreatic cancerpancreatic cancer (5%) endometrial cancer endometrial cancer (6%) ovarian cancer ovarian cancer (6%) cutaneous melanoma (5%) melanoma leukemialeukemia (4%)non-Hodgkin lymphomanon-Hodgkin lymphoma (4%) pancreatic cancer (6%

14. Answer: C