1. Instructor Özgür ZEYDAN (PhD.) Department of Environmental Engineering

2. Air Pollution Existence of air pollutants (gases and aerosols) in the atmosphere in a way that air becomes harmful to humans, animals, plants and materials. 2

3. Air Pollutants Gases Aerosols Sulfur oxides (SOx) Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Carbon monoxide (CO) Volatile organic compounds – VOCs Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Ground level ozone (O3) Particulate matter Toxic metals (lead, mercury …) 3

4. USEPA – Criteria Pollutants 4

5. Air Pollution 5

6. Sources of Air Pollutants 6

7. Primary and Secondary Pollutants 7

8. Ground Level Ozone (Secondary Pollutant) 8

9. Transport of Air Pollutants Air Pollution is a global environmental problem! 9

10. Effects of Air Pollution Human health effects Effects on animals and plants Effects on ecosystems Acid rain Stratospheric ozone depletion Climate change Effects on materials Visibility reduction 10

11. Health Effects of Air Pollution 11

12. Acid Rain pH of natural rain water = 5.6pH of acid rain < 5.6 12

13. Effects of Acid Rain Acid rain, woods, Jizera Mountains, Czech Republic 13

14. Effect of Acid Rain on Sculptures 14

15. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion 15

16. Air Quality in Zonguldak (PM 10 = 190 µg/m 3 ) 17 March 2014 - 17:44 (PM 10 = 69 µg/m 3 ) 18 March 2014 - 08:40 16

17. Air Quality in Paris August 17, 2012 - March 14, 2014 17

18. Air Quality in Beijing, China August 2005 18

19. Air Pollution in Hong Kong 19

20. 20 Particle Effects on Visibility June

21. Eyjafjallajökull Volcanic Eruption and Dust Clouds 21

22. Air Quality Standards PollutantConcentration Averaging period Permitted exceedences each year Fine particles (PM 2.5 ) 25 µg/m 3 1 yearn/a Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) 350 µg/m 3 1 hour24 125 µg/m 3 24 hours3 Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) 200 µg/m 3 1 hour18 40 µg/m 3 1 yearn/a PM 10 50 µg/m 3 24 hours35 40 µg/m 3 1 yearn/a http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/standards.htm 22

23. Air Pollution in Europe PM10 map (2012) 23

24. Air Pollution in Europe SO2 map (2012) 24

25. How to deal with air pollution? Change your life style (Consume less! Pollute less!) Conserve energy Buy green (environmental friendly) products Drive wisely or use public transport Use clean energy sources renewables are preferable instead of fossil fuels. Good city planning Separate residential and industrial zones Reduce industrial emissions Waste gas cleaning devices 25

26. Environmental Engineers' Role Environmental Engineers study air pollution in several ways: Measure current air quality Design air pollution control equipments Prepare emission inventories Make air pollution modeling Suggest clean air plans 26

27. Some beautiful pictures from Zonguldak 27

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36. Questions ???