1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. GUNPOWDER EMPIRES Land Empires Large, defensive, expensive Agriculture (not mercantilism or industry) Hard to control (rebellion) Centralized power – slow administration Islam, tax farming (unfair), forced labor

3. Osman I (Othman): 1299-1326

4. The Golden Age of the Ottomans

5. Mehmet II 1451-1481 (“The Conqueror”)

6. The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople

7. Fall of Constantinople: 1453

8. The End of the Byzantine Empire

9. Ottoman Empire 11453 – Constantinople becomes Istanbul Middle East, Egypt, Syria, Algeria, Tunis, Vienna

10. Hagia Sophia

11. Hagia Sophia - interior

12. Suleiman the Magnificent: ( 1520-1566) Suleiman ’ s Signature

13. SuleSuleyman - defeated the Safavids, made laws Greatest extent of power – forced tribute DEVSHIRME SYSTEM - Christian boys as elite soldiers (Janissaries)…brought Christians into fold

14. HEIGHT OF POWER Istanbul: Cosmopolitan city Osmanli-speaking Military service gets benefits (tax-exempt and land grants) Islamic Common people are RAYA (flock)

15. Blue Mosque

16. Blue Mosque - interior

17. Prayer Rug, 16c Ottoman Empire

18. Qur’an Page: The Angel Gabriel Visits Muhammad

19. Collection of Taxes in Suleiman’s Court

20. Conversations Between Muslims & Christians

21. Scholars at the Galata Observatory (Suleiman’s Constantinople), 1557

22. Janissaries

23. The Ottoman Empire During the 16 c

24. OTTOMAN DECLINE Military costs increase Inflation goes up and people not paid enough REBELLION Janissaries demand changes (marriage, hiring mercenaries) – military readiness goes down By 1750….in economic, military decline – EUROPE CONTROLS THEM!