1. The Crusades
AD s

2. ESSENTIAL QUESTION
WHAT WERE THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES? CAN THE IMPACT OF THE CRUSADES STILL BE SEEN TODAY?

3. Periods of Byzantine Empire

4. Islamic expansion

5. CRUSADES Definition: The Two Sides: Crusades: Holy War
Christians from Europe
Muslim Turks from Middle East

6. The First Crusade Background: Causes:
Byzantine Emperor asked Pope for help
Byzantine empire was besieged by Muslim armies
Byzantine empire lost half its land to Muslim armies by 1071
Holy Land closed to Christian pilgrims(person who goes on a religious journey) by Islamic empire
Free eastern Christians from Islamic Empire
Keep Europe Christian

7. The Crusades
The Crusades were an attempt by the European Church to “reclaim the Holy Land”
Jerusalem had been conquered by Arabs around 640 AD
1095 Pope Urban calls for first Crusade

8. The First Crusade Two Groups went to fight the 1st Crusade:
People’s Crusade: 1096
Made up of untrained and illiterate mostly peasants with some knights.
Lacked military discipline and knowledge and were massacred in Asia Minor by the Turks.
Main Crusader Armies:
Left Europe in Aug 1096.
Gathered in Constantinople in Nov.
30-35,000 crusaders
Leaders: Count Raymond of Toulouse, S France; Godfrey of Bouillon and his brother Baldwin, commanded French and Germans from Rhineland; Robert, William the Conqueror's eldest son, Normandy; Bohemond, a son of Robert Guiscard, and his nephew Tancred, Italy and Sicily

9. Second Crusade ( )
After victory many Christians went back home
The Turks eventually took back much of the territory
King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks

10. Second Crusade ( )
Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians
He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry.

11. Third Crusade (1189-1192) Led by King Richard I
Won back many cities/territories from Saladin
Failed to capture Jerusalem  leads to the Fourth Crusade

12. Crusades Continue Through 1200’s
Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians
Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers - many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land
Crusades end around 1285

13. Results of the Crusades
I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade
I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers
F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military.
T = Turks still rule the Holy Land
T = Travel – Europeans want to travel more
T = Trade – Europeans want product from the East such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc.

14. Aftermath Victory in 1st Crusade was short lived.
Within 50 years, Muslim armies re-conquered Jerusalem
The 1st Crusade would be the only victory for the European Christian armies.
Succeeding crusades failed to win any territory; including a “Children’s Crusade”

15. The Crusades Conclusion
At Least 8 Crusades
Effects of Crusades:
Increased dislike among Jews, Christians and Muslims
Pope and lords lost power
Kings gained Power
Trade with Asia and Middle East reborn
Interest in exploration