1. The Civil War States Rights & Slavery Lead To Succession

2. Sectionalism Leads To Problems (1820s & 1830s) Sectionalism – placing sectional (North or South) interests above national (U.S.) interests. The North & South argued over issues dealing with tariffs, states’ rights, & the West. Tariffs – A tax that a country places on goods imported from other countries.

3. Example Of A Tariff U.S. LocomotiveBritish Locomotive Cost = $30,000Cost = $25,000 No Tariff Tariff = $10,000 Total = $30,000 Total = $35,000

4. Tariffs Continued Tariffs protected northern industries from foreign competition. Tariffs hurt the southern economy – a.) not much industry in the South, b.) tariffs on cotton clothing from England cut demand leading to the British buying less cotton from the South.

5. States’ Rights States’ Rights – States are sovereign – subject to no higher power except for those specifically granted by the U.S. Constitution (South – favored states’ rights / North – opposed states’ rights). The South nullified (declared unconstitutional) the tariffs of 1828 & 1832. South Carolina discussed succession – breaking away from the U.S. Georgians were split over the issue.

6. The Unoccupied West The North & South argued about how to use unoccupied territory (land that had not become a state yet) in the West. The South wanted to distribute western lands as cheaply as possible; more agrarian & rural. The North wanted to sell the land at a high price; more industrial & urban.

7. Slavery Divides The Nation As more western territories became states, would they represent slavery or freedom? After Alabama became a state in 1819 (slave state), there were an equal number of slave and free states (11). The North was upset. Missouri Compromise (1820) – Congress stated that Maine would be admitted as a “free” state & Missouri as a “slave” state. Also, slavery would be prohibited north of latitude 36 30’.

8. Missouri Compromise

9. Compromise of 1850 During the 1840s, the U.S. gained more western land (Mexican War). Compromise of 1850 – Howell Cobb, Alexander Stephens, & Robert Toombs helped win this compromise. According to the compromise, 1.) California would become a “free state”, 2.) Fugitive Slave Law, 3.) new territories would vote on slavery or freedom.

10. Slaves & Free Africans In Georgia Slavery was a critical element in the South. Without slavery, the South’s economy would crumble. Slaves were needed to make a profit. Some slave-owners granted slaves their freedom. Free slaves were not really free; not considered citizens, had to have a legal guardian (legal matters), & wards of the state.

11. Preventing Slave Resistance In Georgia 1859 – Georgia law restricted slave-owners from granting a slave his or her freedom in a will. Slave Codes Slaves were not allowed to travel without a pass, learn to read or write, work in a print shop (used to prevent slaves from communicating). Resistance to slavery: burning plantations, working slowly, damaging tools, stealing, and murdering their overseers.