1. Rosa Parks Pioneer of Civil Rights Date of birth: February 4, 1913 Date of death: October 24, 2005

2. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Most historians date the beginning of the modern civil rights movement in the United States to December 1, 1955. That was the day when an unknown seamstress in Montgomery, Alabama refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. This brave woman, Rosa Parks, was arrested and fined for violating a city ordinance, but her lonely act of defiance began a movement that ended legal segregation in America, and made her an inspiration to freedom-loving people everywhere.

3. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Rosa Parks approaches the Montgomery courthouse to enter her plea.

4. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Rosa Parks leaving the Montgomery courthouse with her attorney, Charles Langford. Feb. 22, 1956

5. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. conducts a meeting of the Montgomery Improvement Association in 1955. Rosa Parks is seated in the front row. Montgomery bus boycott lasted 381 days

6. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Rosa Parks in Montgomery after the Supreme Court decision outlawing segregation on public transit. –1956

7. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Rosa Parks (c) riding on newly integrated bus following Supreme Court ruling ending segregation of Montgomery buses.

8. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Rosa Parks at a 1956 press conference.

9. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Rosa Parks, with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

10. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 (L-R) First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, baseball player Sammy Sosa, and Tipper Gore (wife of Vice President Albert Gore, Jr.) applauding civil rights activist Rosa Parks, during President Bill Clinton's State of the Union address. (L-R) First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, baseball player Sammy Sosa, and Tipper Gore (wife of Vice President Albert Gore, Jr.) applauding civil rights activist Rosa Parks, during President Bill Clinton's State of the Union address.

11. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Rosa Parks was presented with the Congressional Gold Medal, On June 15, 1999

12. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 President George W. Bush pays his respects to the late Rosa Parks, October 30, 2005. She was the first woman to lie in state in the rotunda of the United States Capitol.

13. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 1987 - Present: Established the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self- Development. Its ongoing mission is to motivate and direct youth to achieve their highest potential

14. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 “ As I look back on those days, it's just like a dream. The only thing that bothered me was that we waited so long to make this protest and to let it be known wherever we go that all of us should be free and equal and have all opportunities that others should have.”

15. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Birth: February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama, to James and Leona McCauley Childhood: Grew up on a small farm with her brother, mother, and grandparents. Childhood Fears: Hearing the Ku Klux Klan ride at night, listening to lynchings, and being afraid the house would burn down. School: Attended a school for African-American children. The old, one-room schoolhouse was only open five months a year and just went up to sixth grade. In 1924, at age 11, she was sent to Montgomery to continue her studies. Five years later, she left school in order to care for her sick grandmother, and later, her mother. Marriage/Young Adult Years: Married barber and civil rights activist Raymond Parks in 1932. With Raymond's support, Rosa finally graduated from high school in 1934. Together, they worked for the Montgomery chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). National Association for the Advancement of Colored PeopleNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People

16. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 1930s - 1955: Seamstress 1943: Appointed secretary of the NAACP's Montgomery branch and later its youth leader. 1965 - 1988: Worked as a receptionist and office assistant for John Conyers, an African-American congressman. Part of her job involved helping homeless people get housing. 1987 - Present: Established the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self- Development. Its ongoing mission is to motivate and direct youth to achieve their highest potential. Greatest Achievement: Sparking the modern civil rights movement in the United States by refusing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. Rosa Parks's arrest for breaking Montgomery segregation laws started a boycott of the city bus line that lasted 381 days. This eventually led to the 1956 Supreme Court ruling declaring segregation illegal on public buses. Later Adult Years: After moving to Michigan in 1957, Rosa Parks continued the fight for equal rights and treatment for African Americans. On several occasions, Mrs. Parks returned to Montgomery to support Dr. King in demonstrations and civil rights marches. Awards: Over the years, Rosa Parks has received hundreds of awards and honors, including the Medal of Freedom Award, presented by President Clinton in 1996. In July, 1999, Rosa Parks was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor, the nation's highest civilian award.

17. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Education: Rosa attended Montgomery Industrial School for Girls, Booker T. Washington High School, and Alabama State College. With the support of Raymond, Rosa went back to school in 1933 and obtained her high-school diploma. Although Raymond did not have a formal education, he did hunger for knowledge. Self taught, he had a thorough knowledge of domestic affairs and current events. Many people thought he was college educated. He spent his life encouraging others to get an education. Children: Although Rosa is known as the Mother of the Civil Rights Movement, Raymond and Rosa had no children of their own. Residence: Raymond and Rosa never owned their own home. Occupations: Early in her life, Rosa was a dressmaker, a seamstress, a life insurance agent, and a housekeeper. In her later years, Rosa was a hotel supervisor, civil rights activist, speaker, and author. From March 1, 1965 through 1988, Rosa was a staff assistant for Congressman John Conyers, Jr. Congressman John Conyers, Jr.Congressman John Conyers, Jr. In 1987, Rosa founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development to offer career training for kids aged 12 to 18. Raymond was a barber and civil rights activist and encouraged black people to vote. He worked secretly for the National Committee to Save the Scottsboro Boys and was later a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self DevelopmentRosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development

18. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 “I would have to take longer than a minute to give my whole synopsis of my life, but I want to let you know that all of us should be free and have equal opportunity and that is what I'm trying to instill and encourage and inspire young people to reach their highest potential. ” “I would have to take longer than a minute to give my whole synopsis of my life, but I want to let you know that all of us should be free and have equal opportunity and that is what I'm trying to instill and encourage and inspire young people to reach their highest potential. ”

19. Rosa Parks 1913~2005 Source Citation http://www.achievement.org/ autodoc/page/par0bio-1