2. Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Competition for world dominance and global power. Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on military battlefields---------Even though the threat of war was always present. Defined America’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1989. It affected domestic politics and how Americans viewed the world and themselves. Constant state of military preparedness and arms race  Propaganda war----Democracy vs Communism  US policy: Support nations threatened by Communism coldwar

3. Differences between Capitalism and Communism CAPITALISMCOMMUNISM  System of government: democratic  Property is privately owned  Driven by free enterprise (gov’t not interfering in economy)  Wealth distributed unevenly  Most education and health care provided by private entities  Freedom of the press  Class distinctions: upper class, middle class and working class  Focus is on the individual and his/her own progress in life  System of government: totalitarian  Property is owned by the state  No free enterprise is allowed (gov’t controls economy)  Wealth distributed equally  Education and health care provided by the state  Press controlled and owned by the state  Classless society: all members of society are considered to be equal  Focus is on the progress of the community as a whole Ideology Differences CAPITALISMCOMMUNISM  People need freedom  Competition  great accomplishments  Some people have more than others because they make better use of their abilities  Governments should not interfere with the rights of individuals to make their own living  The government should interfere in the economy as little as possible  People need one another  Cooperation  great accomplishes  No-one should have more than anyone else - everybody's needs are equally important  Governments should make sure that everyone's needs are being met  There is central control of the economy

5. map/cold war Soviet Union/China and Allies…….. Containment: Stop the expansion of Communism in Asia and Europe US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies. 1950’s

6. Focus on Berlin After World War II, Germany was divided into four zones, occupied by French, British, American, and Soviet troops. Occupation zones after 1945. Berlin is the multinational area within the Soviet zone.

7. · In June of 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany. Soviet blockade: West Germany East Germany West Berlin East Berlin

8. · In response, the Soviets cut off West Berlin from the rest of the world with a blockade. Eventual site of the Berlin Wall

9. · President Truman decided to avoid the blockade by flying in food and other supplies to the needy people of West Berlin. Berlin Airlift · At times, over 5,000 tons of supplies arrived daily.

10. Satellite State  When a nation is under the control of another.  Ex. Part of Germany was under the control of the Soviet Union.  Other examples: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria

12. Truman Doctrine [1947] Civil War in Greece. Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles. 1.The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.  The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.

13. Marshall Plan [1948] “European Recovery Program.” Secretary of State, George Marshall 1.The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.  $12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

14. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)  United States  Belgium  Britain  Canada  Denmark  France  Iceland  Italy  Luxemburg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  1952: Greece & Turkey  1955: West Germany  1983: Spain Military alliance to counter Soviet expansion. intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty

15. Warsaw Pact (1955) }U. S. S. R. }Albania }Bulgaria }Czechoslovakia }East Germany }Hungary }Poland }Rumania Soviet Union and satellite states rival alliance to NATO was a collective defense treaty among eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe

16. Red ScareRed Scare was Americans response to the fear of Communism Joseph McCarthySenator Joseph McCarthy accused 205 US Govt. officials of being Communist. McCarthyismMcCarthyism to destroy or assassinate one’s character without proof and it ruined the careers of many Americans. red scare witch hunt loyalty oath Became a witch hunt that led to Americans pledging a “loyalty oath” to the United States…….

17. NATO Soviets detonate their first atomic bomb….. The question is raised, where did they get the technology the bomb? Ethel and Julius Rosenberg would be accused of giving away atomic bomb secrets. Charged with espionage they would be found guilty and executed in 1953.

18. Effects of Russian Launch of Sputnik on United States Americans began building underground bomb shelters and cities had underground fallout shelters. Atomic Testing: Between July 16, 1945 and Sept. 23, 1992, the United States conducted 1,054 official nuclear tests, most of them at the Nevada Test Site. Atomic Anxieties: “Duck-and-Cover Generation”