1. Modeling Tools at Texas c2d Meeting Cambridge Dec. 2002

2. n d (r), L  Physical Model n(r), v(r) Physical Model n(r), v(r) T D (r) Simulate Observations S  I(b) Observations Dust n(r), T K (r) v(r) X(r) Simulate Obs. T A (v,b) Gas Chemistry T D (r) to T K (r) Monte Carlo n J (r) Gas to dust Combined Modeling of Dust and Gas Iterate Radative Transfer

3. Tools for Model Generation Power laws Shu collapse Plummer-like models –Can do before and after point source forms Hydro code: collapse of BE sphere –from Foster and Chevalier Terebey, Shu, Cassen rotating collapse

4. Radiative Transport Codes CSDUST3 (Egan, Leung, Spagna) –modified for various special purposes –computes flux into beams DUSTY (Ivezic and Elitzur) 2D and 3D codes (S. Wolf)

5. Observation Simulation Obssphere (L. Mundy) –calculates flux into beams –calculates I(b) [radial profile] –modified to simulate chopping (SCUBA) Various subsidiary codes –compute spectral indices –compare to observations (chi-sq, abs. dev.)

6. Recent work C. Young has developed scripts –run an evolutionary series of models –run through entire process to observations –compute properties (L bol, T bol, …) as f(t) Simulations –first hydrostatic core (J. Lee) –forming brown dwarf (C. Young) –early disk (C. Young)

7. Models of First Hydrostatic Core Horizontal bars: survey limits (SIRTF and Bolocam) for 140 pc. Two density distributions: Green and Magenta are for Plummer model that fits L1544. Cyan Cyan and Black are for t of core formation in that model. Three times in evolution: PPC: blue with red ticks. Cyan Early (Green) and (Cyan) has T =170K, L=7x10 –6 L sun Late (Magenta) and (Black) have T =2000K, L=1.3x10 –1 L sun Preliminary: more work needed. esp on source size (R = 3 R sun )

8. Detectability of Early Disks BD plus disk T bdr = 1000 K Disk: r inner = 1.4 R sun. r outer = 2 AU d=320 pc

9. Early Disks in Envelopes Same Model of BD and disk Now in envelope: M evn = 0.2 M sun. r inner = 100 AU r outer = 10,000 AU

10. Evolution of BD+disk+envelope Shu type ccllapse: Low sound speed (a = 0.1km/s) simulates low mass envelope (M = 0.25 M sun ) M BD gets 0.5 of infall M disk gets 0.25 of infall M wind gets 0.25 of infall R disk grows as t 3  = 10 –14 /s Envelope: r inner = 100 AU r outer = 10,000 AU M bd grows from 1 to 35 M jup. L grows from 0.004 to 0.1 L sun. T bol grows from 80 to 540 K.

11. Statistical Studies Example (from massive regions) of observations of various “evolutionary” parameters. Idea is to compare to theoretical predictions to test models, establish timescales.