1. NANO 101 Introduction to Nanotechnology Spring 2015 Instructor: Alicia Cohn alicia.cohn@seattlecolleges.edu awcohn@gmail.com Office: HS 2638A Office Hours: M,Th – 8:00-9:45 & by appointment 1

2. NANO 101 Course Objectives To relate basic concepts of quantum, atomic, and molecular physics to properties of materials To learn techniques for the production and analysis of materials on the nanoscale To learn the industrial applications for nanotechnology To become cognizant of the ethical and societal implications of nanotechnology and to evaluate and criticize statements about those implications To enhance communication skills 2

3. Course Materials Textbook: Nanotechnology: Understanding Small Systems (Rogers) Course Website: https://canvas.northseattle.edu/courses/1139910 Homework Assignments Reading Assignments Lecture Powerpoints Lab Procedures Discussion Board Lab Goggles, Scientific Calculator 3

4. Course Structure Lectures (~2x / week) –Participation counts! –Print out lecture notes before class Labs (6 total) Homeworks (5 total) Quizzes ( April 22 nd, May 6 th, May 21 st ) NANOCenter (participation grade) Projects –Nanotechnology Topic –Nanotechnology Company –Resources are available! Final Exam ( Weds, June 17 th. 10:30 AM –12:30 PM ) 4

5. http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=39406.php Engineered Water Nanostructures as Disinfectant Nanowerk.com, March 16, 2015 Who? Harvard Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology What? 25 nm EWNs containing surface charge and reactive oxygen species How? Electrospray is used to synthesize the EWNs and the extra charge can kill bacteria

6. What is Nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is… the control of matter on the atomic level the ability to build using atoms as building blocks the manufacture of novel materials with novel properties 6 What is a nanostructure? What is a nanometer?

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8. Why Study Nanoscience and Nanotechnology? Nanoscience: The study of fundamental principles of nanostructures Between bulk and atomic properties Nanotechnology: The application of nanostructures into useful devices http://www.discovernano.northwestern.edu 8

9. Nano-coated fibers –Water & stain resistant –Antibacterial Guitar strings –Feels like non-coated –Coated to improve strength Sunscreen –Better UV protection –Water resistant –Transparent! Source: Nano & Me Source: Elixir Strings Source: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies 9 Application: Materials

10. Lighter and stronger –Carbon composites –SiO 2 nanoparticles Easton’s Stealth CNT baseball bats: “According to Easton, Zyvex’s NanoSolve® Material “strengthens composite structures to provide improved handle designs with optimized flex, responsiveness, and more ‘kick’...” 10 Source: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Source: Easton Sports Application: Sporting Goods

11. Computing Hardware ◦ 22 nm processes Organic LED Displays ◦ Lighter and thinner ◦ More energy efficient ◦ Cheaper to manufacture Solar Cells Source: PC World 11 Source: Intel Source: Forbes Source: Sony Japan Application: Electronics

12. How small can we go? 12 Moore’s Law

13. Application: Electronics http://cen.acs.org/articles/92/web/2014/03/Resea rchers-Shrink-Carbon-Nanotube-Circuits.html Carbon nanotube curcuit (Mitra, Wong, Stanford University) 13 Graphene bendable circuit (Chiu, National Tsing Hua University) http://cen.acs.org/articles/92/web/2014/08/High- Quality-Graphene-Enables-Flexible.html

14. Targeted and traceable drug delivery Enhanced imaging Sensitive detection 14 Application: Medicine http://chenglab.stanford.edu/research/bionanotechnology.html

15. Application: Food SiO 2 or TiO 2 coatings Undetectable by taste, smell Increase shelf life Fat Clusters acts as fat, but lowers amount Packaging: “Electronic tongue” (Kraft, Uconn, Rutgers) Plastic bottles embedded with nanoclay 15 Source: Wikipedia

16. Understanding the Atom 16 Democritus by Agostino Carracci Plato and Aristotle by Raffaello Sanzio Boyle Dalton

17. Models of the Atom J.J. Thomson 17 RutherfordCurrent model ProtonNeutronElectron Charge Mass (kg) ~1.673*10 -27 ~1.675*10 -27 ~9.11*10 -31 Locationnucleus “clouds”

18. 2000 years ago – Stained Glass 1100 – Damascus Steel swords 1500 – NPs in pottery ~1910 – particle sizes described in “nanometers” (Zsigmondy) 1959 – Feynman’s speech “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” The Beginnings of Nanotech… 18 Armagh, Ireland, AD444

19. Richard Feynman “ The principles of physics, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom” 19 Challenges: Write the entire Encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a pin Create a functional motor < 1/64 cubic inch Nobel laureate, 1960 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKj5lAmy9Wk Original poster © Apple Computers, Inc. There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom (1959)

20. Then… 1970 – “Nanotechnology” coined (Taniguchi) 1981 – First atoms seen (Binnig and Rohrer, STM) 1986 – Engines of Creation, the Coming Age of Nanotechnology by Richard Drexler “Nanotechnology is the principle of atom manipulation atom by atom, through control of the structure of matter at the molecular level. It entails the ability to build molecular systems with atom-by-atom precision, yielding a variety of nanomachines” 20

21. Atoms Can Be Manipulated 1990 at IBM using a STM 35 Xe Atoms 21 http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v5/n 4/full/nnano.2010.61.html

22. Broad Implications of Nanotech For good or for evil? Privacy issues? Equity issues? Who profits? Who regulates? Health and safety for workers? Consumers? Public? Gray Goo: self-replicating nanobots 22

23. Tell me… Name Math and Science courses taken Allergies? Disabilities? Anything else I should know? Any specific topic you want to cover this quarter 23

24. -What if you want to describe the weight of an elephant in grams? 1 elephant = 5,500,000 grams Use metric prefixes so numbers are easier to manage 1 elephant = 5,500 (kg) 1 elephant = 5.5 (Mg)

25. Scientific Notation aka scientists are lazy 5,000,000 = 5 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x10 = 5 x 10 6 0.0000005 = 5 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 = 5 x 10 -6

26. -What if you want to describe the weight of an elephant in grams? 1 elephant = 5,500,000 grams 1 elephant = 5,500 kg 1 elephant = 5.5 x 10 6 g 1 elephant = 5.5 x 10 3 kg It is useful to be able to convert between regular and scientific notation

27. Scale Activities If a sugar cube is approximately 1.5 cm on each edge, how many would fit in this room? What would the dimensions of a square room need to be to hold a single layer of one billion sugar cubes? How tall would a stack of a billion index cards be? How many stories would a billion index cards be? Assume 1 story = 3 m. How long would it take to count to one billion… –In seconds? –In minutes? –In years? Hint: 2.54 cm = 1 inch 27