1. THE WORLD BANK World Bank Experience in Landfill Gas and Prospects for Indonesia Dr. John Morton Environmental Specialist The World Bank East Asia and Pacific Region

2. THE WORLD BANK ? Overview  Role of landfill gas management and carbon finance in Solid Waste Management  The World Bank Experience Latin America example Some worldwide lessons  Assessing prospects for Indonesia What could Indonesias waste produce Are there issues with quality of disposal sites Assessing the potential of your site

3. THE WORLD BANK The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in SWM

4. THE WORLD BANK Common Problems in SWM  Lack of well managed solid waste disposal sites.  Scavengers  NIMBY and lack of information and communication  Insufficient recovery of costs and financing inhibits good operation  Lack of strategic planning at central and municipal level  Low management and technical capacity at a municipal level The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in Solid Waste Management

5. THE WORLD BANK Strategies for addressing solid waste issues  Closure of open dumps and construction of sanitary landfills  Promote decentralizaton and strategic planning mechanisms.  Political dialog  Create incentives for cost recovery systems  Increase the knowledge on waste management practices to be able to take strategic decisions  Include financing available for reducing greenhouse gas emissions as a tool to promote sound waste management practices. The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in Solid Waste Management

6. THE WORLD BANK Landfill Gas CH 4 emissions CO 2 Composting or other treatment Landfill Gas Collection CO 2 Flaring Electricity Generation CO 2 Reducing greenhouse gas emission from waste : The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in Solid Waste Management

7. THE WORLD BANK WB Financing for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: Global Environment Facility: Grant funds available for investment financing for climate change initiatives. Carbon Finance: Provides recurrent financing through purchases of “carbon credits” in exchange for monitorable and verifiable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in Solid Waste Management

8. THE WORLD BANK Role of landfill gas and carbon finance opportunities  Improves landfill safety, reduces odors and local air pollution.  Incremental financing represents a key incentive to promote good SWM practices  Carbon finance can improve cost recovery and contribute to the financing of closure of open dumps, programs for scavengers and help construct sanitary landfills. The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management The Role of Landfill Gas Management and Carbon Finance in Solid Waste Management

9. THE WORLD BANK The World Bank Experience

10. THE WORLD BANK Demonstration GEF projects: Grants to establish first-of-a kind power generation model  Uruguay, Maldonado: 0.8 MW project  Mexico, Monterrey: 7 MW project The World Bank Experience Latin America Experience:

11. THE WORLD BANK Carbon finance projects: Carbon finance projects: High number of projects in Brazil, but also Argentina, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. Private sector very active in Brazil and Argentina in replicating model. Mexico: 2 landfill gas to energy (10 MW) and 1 flaring project Brazil: Novogerar 12 MW Argentina: Olavarria flaring project Capacity Building: Grants to finance pre-feasibility studies for 10 landfills in Brasil, Colombia, México, Perú, y Uruguay Brazil – WB partnership with public banks to finance landfill practices linked to carbon finance – wholesale of carbon projects in the waste management sector. The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management The World Bank Experience Latin America Experience:

12. THE WORLD BANK Worldwide Lessons Learned  Important to identify ownership of landfill gas and hence the seller of carbon credits – Municipality, concessionaire – division of carbon credits is possible  Gas capture can be optimized by specific landfill engineering, but is only feasible when landfill is well managed (no scavengers, leachate treatment, etc.)  Tropical countries produce more biogas in less time than in colder countries  Energy generation is not always feasible, in many cases high taxes and transmission fees are prohibitive The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management The World Bank Experience

13. THE WORLD BANK Assessing Prospects for Indonesia

14. THE WORLD BANK \ Jakarta Surabaya Bandung Medan Palembang SemarangUjungpandang Padang Tanjungkarang Banjarmasin Yogyakarta Pontianak Denpasar Pakanbaru Samarinda Jambi Balikpapan The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management Prospects for Indonesia 3.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 Indonesia’s major urban centers produce nearly 10 million tons of waste/yr

15. THE WORLD BANK 404 million m3 methane per year What could this amount of waste do? Methane emissions (m3/yr) 140 33 32 27 23 2119 16 15 7 5 7 9 11 9 7 6 Prospects for Indonesia

16. THE WORLD BANK What could this amount of waste do? Electricity (MW) 79 MW of electricity 29 7 7 5 5 44 3 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 Prospects for Indonesia

17. THE WORLD BANK i Rp118 billion/yr What could this amount of waste do? Revenues from carbon finance (Rp bill/yr) Prospects for Indonesia 40 11 9 9 7 76 4 2 2 2 3 4 3 2 25

18. THE WORLD BANK Is the quality of disposal practices important? Favorable conditions Unfavorable Depth: >10 m<5 m Cover:DailyNo cover Compaction:yesnone Liner:yesnone Leachate:well drainednot well drained Fires:nonefrequent Scavengers:noneliving on site The World Bank and Landfill Gas Management Prospects for Indonesia

19. THE WORLD BANK Understanding the potential of your landfill Prospects for Indonesia

20. THE WORLD BANK Terima Kasih