1. January 2004 1 Role of the Private Sector in Providing Satellite Remote Sensing Information Robert L. (Buzz) Bernstein SeaSpace Corporation Email rbernstein@seaspace.com IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004 Tel 858-746-1103

2. January 2004 2 Corporate Offices – San Diego, California, USA L-Band 1.2 m NOAA/FY-1 & SeaWiFS X-Band 3.6 m MODIS/OCM X-Band 4.5 m SAR IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004

3. January 2004 3 Satellite Platforms Currently Tracked at SeaSpace

4. January 2004 4 SeaSpace Corporate Focus: Lowering the barriers that stand between users and the environmental satellite data they need for their applications The Two Main Barriers: I.Ready access to the data sources II.Having gained data access, the necessary hardware & software tools to process, manipulate, analyze, and archive the resulting data Data Sources Data Users AccessTools IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004

5. January 2004 5 SeaSpace TeraScan systems operate in 30+ countries and at more than 500 user-sites… User base: 50% Science & research 50% operational IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004

6. January 2004 6 …including many academic & gov’t labs as well as civilian and military operational organizations across the U.S. IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004

7. January 2004 7 http://sdcoos.ucsd.edu San Diego Coastal Ocean Observing System IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004

8. January 2004 8 Environmental remote sensing satellites may be divided into two distinct classes: Freely accessible (or nearly so) – operated by U.S. and non-U.S. gov’t organizations (e.g. NOAA/AVHRR; Terra & Aqua MODIS; India’s Oceansat-1/OCM; China’s FY-1) and Access limited via expensive user fees – operated by U.S. and non-U.S. gov’t organizations, as well as private companies (e.g. LANDSAT, RADARSAT, Ikonos) Freely accessible data typically at >250m resolution with ~1 day repeat coverage IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004 19 Oct 2003 21 Oct 2003

9. January 2004 9 Environmental remote sensing satellites may be divided into two distinct classes: Freely accessible (or nearly so) – operated by U.S. and non-U.S. gov’t organizations (e.g. NOAA/AVHRR; Terra & Aqua MODIS; India’s Oceansat-1/OCM; China’s FY-1) and Access limited via expensive user fees – operated by U.S. and non-U.S. gov’t organizations, as well as private companies (e.g. LANDSAT, RADARSAT, Ikonos) Freely accessible data typically at >250m resolution with ~1 day repeat coverage Limited access data typically at <30m resolution with 10+ day repeat coverage For most IOOS purposes, the great cost and long periods between repeat coverage makes the Limited Access data relatively less useful So let’s concentrate on the freely accessible government satellite data sources… What is the appropriate role of the private sector here? What is the appropriate role of the government? IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004

10. January 2004 10 Government Role: build, launch, operate and make data readily available Private Sector Role: data processing & distribution systems tailored to end user needs End Users Government organizations often attempt to assume too much of the Private Sector Role This limits or entirely eliminates the Private Sector, in what would otherwise be an end-user, market-responsive activity It also reduces the available Government funds for operating the various freely available environmental satellites IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004

11. January 2004 11 Leveraging an existing network of satellite acquisition and processing systems to encourage data sharing among a much larger end-user community One example of a private sector role … IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004

12. January 2004 12 Encourages sharing of data and methodologies Builds system redundancy Eliminates satellite tracking time-conflicts IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004

13. January 2004 13 Conclusions: With regard to private sector involvement in satellite remote sensing aspects of IOOS There are multiple useful roles - Data acquisition, processing, dissemination Integrated data management But these useful roles for the private sector can be swiftly eliminated by policy and funding choices within various branches of government IOOS Houston TX 2 – 4 March 2004