1. Atmosphere/Winds

2. Atmosphere Temperatures & Depth 500km EXOSPHERE
Ionosphere - Layer of electrically charged particles. 250 – 300 Km.
85km
50km
10km
Jet Streams
10 to 75o C
65 to 0o C
5 to 90o C
90 to 10o C
TROPOSHPERE
STRATOSPHERE
Atmosphere
Temperatures & Depth
MESOPSHERE
THERMOSPHERE

3. Atmosphere Facts Sun warms air EXOSPHERE Coolest part
Little water vapor
Ozone km
Absorbs heat from sun
75% of gases
Space shuttle
X-15 Aircraft
Weather balloons
Dust, Water & Ice
Airplanes
Radio waves
Satellites
Auroras
Weather & Clouds
TROPOSHPERE
STRATOSPHERE
Atmosphere
Facts
MESOSPHERE
THERMOSPHERE

4. COMPOSITION OF ATMOSHPERE
OXYGEN
21%
Trace Gases
Argon % CO
Neon
Helium
Methane
Krypton
Hydrogen
NITROGEN
78%
TRACE GASES 1%
COMPOSITION OF ATMOSHPERE

5. Coriolis Effect World’s major wind systems are created when air moving
across the surface is deflected either eastward/westward
due to the Coriolis Effect. Creates world weather patterns.
Atmospheric circulation is powered by energy of the Sun.
Polar Easterlies - East to West
Westerlies - West to East - opposite of trade winds
Responsible for weather in the U.S. & Canada
Trade winds - East to West
Steady winds create route for sailors in North
Doldrums - Windless zone
Air seems motionless
Hot air rises - less dense - moves straight up

6. Jet Streams POLAR EASTERLIES WESTERLIES Jet Streams Jet Streams
TRADE WINDS
10 O
DOLDRUMS
EQUATOR
0 O
DOLDRUMS
10 O
Jet Streams
TRADE WINDS
30 O
Jet Streams
WESTERLIES
60 O
POLAR EASTERLIES
Jet Streams

7. SMALLER SYSTEMS WHICH CREATE LOCAL WEATHER - by convection currents
Sea Breezes DAY
Created during day because solar radiation, warms the land more than the water.
Air over land heated by conduction.
Heated air becomes less dense - goes up because of cooler denser air moving from ocean, convections currents result.
Sea by Night
COOL AIR SINKS
WARM AIR RISES
LAND BREEZE
COOL AIR SINKS
WARM AIR RISES
LAND BREEZES - NIGHT
Smaller systems which create local weather, caused by convection currents.
Air over land is heated by conduction.
Land warms and cools more rapidly than water.
SEA BREEZE
Sea by Day

9. Transfer of HEAT within Earth’s atmosphere.
RADIATION warms the surface.
The air near Earth’s surface is
heated by CONDUCTION.
Cooler air pushes warm
air upward, creating a
CONVECTION CURRENTS.
Transfer of HEAT within Earth’s atmosphere.