1. CAPPS - UGA Consortium for Accelerated Pine Production Studies (CAPPS) Long-Term Trends in Loblolly Pine Stand Productivity and Characteristics in Georgia

2. CAPPS - UGA Consortium for Accelerated Pine Production Studies (CAPPS) B.E. Borders, R.L. Hendrick, R. Will, D. Markewitz, A. Clarke, T.B. Harrington, R.O. Teskey

3. CAPPS - UGA CAPPS Program Five year program – started in July 1998 Members – International Paper, Champion International, Temple-Inland, Boise Cascade, The Timber Company, Rayonier, Mead Coated Board, Westvaco, Gilman Paper, Jefferson Smurfit, Weyerhaeuser Co, U.S. Alliance

4. CAPPS - UGA Objective of CAPPS Improve our understanding of tree responses to intensive cultural treatments Use this improved understanding to develop more efficient management guidelines Develop simulation models that provide realistic yields on a localized level

5. CAPPS - UGA Objectives (cont.) Provide information for the improvement of process level simulators Evaluate and characterize wood quality of fast grown loblolly pine trees

6. CAPPS - UGA Funding CAPPS received funding for a 5 year period starting in July 1998 extending through June of 2003 The total extramural funding for this project comes from DOE (approximately $300,000), and forest industry (approximately $500,000)

7. CAPPS - UGA Funding (cont.) Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources at the University of Georgia is also providing approximately $500,000 of actual and in-kind support for this project

8. CAPPS - UGA CAPPS Field Plots Four separate installations located at 2 locations in Georgia Two Piedmont installations (near Eatonton, GA in Putnam county) Two Lower Coastal Plain installations (near Waycross, GA in Ware county)

9. CAPPS - UGA Treatments H - complete vegetation control throughout the life of the stand using herbicides F - annual fertilization treatment HF - both H and F C - check plot (a very intensive mechanical treatment that include bedding in Waycross and a 3-pass operation in Eatonton)

10. CAPPS - UGA Fertilizer Treatment Fertilizer Treatment 250 lbs/ac DAP plus 100 lbs/ac KCl spring of year 1 and 2 plus 50 lbs/ac ammonium nitrate mid summer of year 1 and 2; In each subsequent growing season 150 lbs/ac ammonium nitrate each spring

11. CAPPS - UGA Replication Two complete blocks of 3/8 acre treatment plots at each location 3 time replicates at each location Eatonton - 1988, 1990, 1995 (one block only) Waycross - 1987, 1989, 1993

12. CAPPS - UGA Plot History All plots established on cutover forestland All plots planted at the equivalent of 680 trees/acre At Waycross half-sib family 7-56 used At Eatonton half-sib family 10-25 used

13. CAPPS - UGA Waycross – Dry Site Age 9 - C

14. CAPPS - UGA Waycross – Dry Site Age 9 - HF

15. CAPPS - UGA Picture 2 Waycross, Dry site Herbicide and Fertilization Plot at Age 11

16. CAPPS - UGA Waycross West Site Age 11 - HF

17. CAPPS - UGA Site Descriptors - Soils WAYCROSS Slopes < 1% Dry site –Bonifay in close associate with Blanton – Greater than 40” sand – MW – WD Wet site – Pelham in association with Rigdon with intermittent spodic – PD to SPD EATONTON Slopes < 15% Cecil is predominant, with Pacolet and Appling and limited areas of Davidson

18. CAPPS - UGA Site Descriptors - Soils

19. CAPPS - UGA Site Descriptors - Climate

20. CAPPS - UGA Site Descriptors - Water Balance

21. CAPPS - UGA Site Descriptors - Water Balance

22. CAPPS - UGA Stand Development – Treatment Response Eatonton (piedmont) – HF, H, F, C highest production to least production through age 12, however by age 13 F is starting to overtake H Waycross (LCP) – HF, F, H, C most production to least production through age 14 – note that H had higher production than F through age 4

23. CAPPS - UGA Dominant Heights - feet LocationAgeCFHHF Eatonton Monitor 1346525560 Eatonton Powerline 1345535760 Waycross Dry 1452655966 Waycross Wet 1452705372

24. CAPPS - UGA Stand Development Total Volume

25. CAPPS - UGA Stand Development Mean Annual Volume Increment

26. CAPPS - UGA Stand Development Current Annual Increment

27. CAPPS - UGA Stand Development

28. CAPPS - UGA Stand Development - Waycross

29. CAPPS - UGA Stand Development - Eatonton

30. CAPPS - UGA Stand Structure LAI vs Basal Area Both sites show a positive correlation between projected leaf area index and stand basal area

31. CAPPS - UGA Stand Structure – LAI vs BA LAI for 1998 needle cohort

32. CAPPS - UGA Stand Structure – Crown Size Crown length is slightly greater for F treatments Height to live crown is greater on more responsive treatments For a given treatment – crown length vs stand basal area increases and flattens out whereas crown height continues to increase as basal area increases

33. CAPPS - UGA Stand Structure Eatonton – CL vs BA

34. CAPPS - UGA Stand Structure Waycross – CL vs BA

35. CAPPS - UGA Stand Structure Eatonton – Ht to Crown vs BA

36. CAPPS - UGA Stand Structure Waycross – Ht to Crown vs BA

37. CAPPS - UGA Stem Characteristics 20 trees from each plot in the oldest time replicate were cored at 4.5 feet from the Waycross sites early summer 1998 and from Eatonton early summer 1999 We currently have wood density information available for the Waycross location

38. CAPPS - UGA Stem Characteristics - Waycross EW/LW ratios and ring density by growth ring show that: – HF and F treatments have lower density wood than C and H treatments – All treatments have started producing mature wood by age 6

39. CAPPS - UGA Stem Characteristics Waycross Dry SiteWaycross Wet Site

40. CAPPS - UGA Stem Characteristics Four trees from each plot were harvested and intensively measured for development of biomass prediction equations as well as for leaf area determination (in total more than 192 trees were taken from the Waycross sites and 160 from the Eatonton sites)

41. CAPPS - UGA Stem Characteristics – Branches There is not a great deal of difference in the number of branches by height for the different treatments Maximum branch diameter tends to be larger on F and HF treatments Most differences reflect differences in tree height and height to crown

42. CAPPS - UGA Stem Characteristics Waycross Site – Largest live branch diameter in each 16 foot log

43. CAPPS - UGA Stem Characteristics Eatonton Site – Largest live branch diameter in each 16 foot log

44. CAPPS - UGA Stem Characteristics Eatonton Site – Number of branches >1” by log

45. CAPPS - UGA Stem Characteristics Waycross Site – Number of branches >1” by log

46. CAPPS - UGA Basic Ecophysiological Relationships

49. WaycrossB.F. Grant BWPE = Bolewood Production Efficiency (ft 3 ac -1 projected LAI -1 year -1 ) AgeBWPEAgeBWPE 62774480 102269220 1218911203

50. AgeNo FertFertAgeNo FertFert 62493064586374 102242299231209 1219718111207197 WaycrossB.F. Grant Bolewood Prod. Eff. (ft 3 ac -1 proj. LAI -1 yr -1 ) Bolewood Prod. Eff. (ft 3 ac -1 proj. LAI -1 yr -1 )

57. AgeNo FertFert 6226263 10203190 12188135 Waycross Nitrogen Use Efficiency (ton ac -1 stem growth / ton ac -1 nitrogen

60. CAPPS - UGA Extremely rapid growth in coastal plain sites and clearly greater than in piedmont. Contrasting response to H and F treatments – F greatly out performing H in sandy coastal plain soils – H out performing F in clay rich piedmont soils but F catching up by age 13 – Accelerated growth apparently decreasing wood density at Waycross but all treatments are producing mature wood by age 7Conclusions

61. CAPPS - UGA Conclusions con’t Growth efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency decrease with tree size. At Waycross, fertilization increased efficiency when trees of equal size were compared.

62. CAPPS - UGA QUESTIONS? Comments?