1. Big Business vs. Labor

2. Rise of Labor Unions Work week: 12 hr days, 6 days a week No vacation, no sick days, no insurance No safety rules, so dangerous work – 1882: 675 work deaths/week – ( ? 2003, 5,500 work deaths ? )

3. 1899: Avg worker: $475/year 1899: Carnegie: $23,000,000/year 48,421 times his workers’ salary

4. Unions Combat Inequality 1869: Knights of Labor opened to all workers. – 8 hr workday – = pay for men & women – didn’t want to strike

5. 1886: Samuel Gompers forms American Federation of Labor – “union of unions” – Collective bargaining: All workers going for same contract – Liked to strike

6. 1905: Industrial Workers of the World (“Wobblies”) – Supported Communism – Welcomed all races – Seen as “terrorists”

7. Strikes Turn Violent Great Strike of 1877 – B&O RR workers strike over wages – Other RR workers strike, traffic grinds to halt – Pres. Hayes sends Army to break it up. 18 killed. Blamed on “German agitators!”

8. 6th Md. I.D. taking aim

9. Haymarket Affair (1886) – McCormick workers in CHI gather in Haymarket Sq. to protest – Anarchists detonate a bomb, killing police - police retaliate & attack workers – Unions HIGHLY discouraged in CHI!

10. Harper’s Weekly illustration of the bombing

12. Homestead Strike (1892) – Carnegie workers strike for $$ – Company hires security, workers drive them out – National Guard moves in, 7 die, many arrested, union breaks – Last major steelworker strike

13. PA Natl Guard marching

14. Barges torched by union

15. Effects of unions Positive –Workers that survived cuts often got raises –Strikes effected the companies –Companies began dealing a bit more fairly in hopes of avoiding strikes Negative –To pay for the raises, many were fired –Strikes bankrupted some companies - cutting all jobs! –Unions themselves became large, & sometimes got as corrupt as bosses!