1. Chapter 20 DNA Technology & Genomics

2. Genetic engineering Manipulation of genetic material for practical purposes has begun industrial revolution in biotechnology – use of living organisms or components to do practical tasks

5. Tools of genetic engineering 1) restriction enzymes – bacterial enzymes which protect bacteria against intruding DNA from other organisms by cutting up foreign DNA 1 st found in late ’60’s Recognize short specific nucleotide sequences in DNA & cut at specific points within these sequences 100’s & ~100 different specific recognition sequences

6. Tools of genetic engineering Sequences are symmetric; 4-8 nucleotides on both strands, but running in opposite directions ex: 5’ GAATTC 3’ 3’ CTTAAG 5’

8. Tools of genetic engineering 2) gel electrophoresis – separates NA or protein by size & electric charge by measuring rate of movement through an electric field

12. Applications of biotechnology Diagnosis of disease Gene therapy Pharmaceutical products Forensics Agricultural uses Cloning