1. Unit 5, Lesson 29 National Health Standards1.5, 1.7, 3.4

2.  Desirable weight - weight healthful for a person  Body composition – percentage of fat tissue and lean tissue in the body

3.  Factors determining a desirable weight include: age, height, gender, body frame, basal metabolic rate, and activity level  Body frame – approximate weight and density of the bone structure Thickness and size of bones differ with each person

4.  Basal metabolic rate (BMR) – the number of calories the body uses at rest  Calorie – unit of energy produced by food and used by the body  Physical activity increases BMR

5.  Body composition – 2 types of body fat Essential body fat  Amount of fat needed for optimal health Adipose tissue  Fat that accumulates around internal organs, within muscles, and under skin  The amount of adipose tissue increases chances of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and arthritis

6.  Healthful amount of body fat for teen males is about 11 – 17%  Healthful amount of body fat for teen females is about 16 – 24%  Calorie expenditure – number of calories used for BMR, digestion, and physical activity

7.  To gain weight, one must take in more calories than are expended  To lose weight, one must taken in fewer calories than are needed for calorie expenditure

8.  Energy equivalent of one pound is 3,500 calories  Underweight means a person is 10% or more below desirable body weight  Overweight means a person is 10% or more than desirable weight  Obese is being 20% or more than desirable body weight

9.  Diet in which beverages are substituted for some or all meals  Must be under medical care

10.  Quick, weight-loss strategy that is popular for a short time  Cabbage and grapefruit diets are examples  May work while these are the only foods eaten, but usually when returning to regular diet, gain more weight

11.  FDA has approved medications for obesity  Anorectic drug – decreases appetite

12.  Severe restriction of calories  Are dangerous  Not enough blood glucose to provide energy  Body relies on stored fat for energy

13.  High amount of fat is released into the blood  Fat ketosis – condition in which excessive ketones are released into the blood

14.  Symptoms include: “fruity-smelling” breath, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain  Confusion, unconsciousness, and death can occur

15.  Over-the-counter pills Claim to suppress appetite Claim to fill the stomach and curb hunger Are dangerous, addictive, and ineffective Side effects – headaches, heart palpitations, dizziness, nervousness, drowsiness, rapid pulse rate, and sleeplessness, malnutrition

16.  Laxatives and diuretics Laxative – drug that helps a person have a bowel movement Diuretic – product that helps a person increase urine output

17.  Condition in which a person has a compelling need to starve, to binge, or to binge and purge  Binge – eat a lot of food in a small amount of time

18.  Purge – rid the body of the food by vomiting or using laxatives  Are addictions  Body image – perception one has of one’s body

19.  Uncomfortable with secondary sex characteristics  Perfectionism  Need to control  Unable to express emotions

20.  Eating disorder in which a person starves themselves and weighs 15% or more below desirable weight  May exercise to extreme  Is life threatening

21.  Obsessed with being thin  Obsessed with being perfect  Treatment – team of professionals create a plan to deal with physical, emotional, and mental problems

22.  Binging and purging  Far more common than anorexia  Obsessed with body shape and size  Have a negative body image  Know they have a problem and feel guilty and ashamed, but unable to change behavior

23.  Symptoms: dissolving tooth enamel, tooth decay, sore gums, enlarged salivary glands, and swollen cheeks, severe water loss, increase in blood pressure, damage to the colon, heart, and kidneys, impaired bowel function

24.  Treatment – team of professionals who deal with physical and emotional health problems

25.  An eating disorder in which a person cannot control eating and eat excessive amounts  Diagnosis made when a person binges 2 or more times per week for 6 months  More common in females

26.  Turn to food for coping  Need medical and psychological help  More common in people who are severely obese  Lack self-respect, negative self-esteem, negative body image, and frequent bouts of depression

27.  Treatment – team of professionals who deal with physical and emotional problems