2.  Beginning of 19 th century- weren’t required to have an education  1891- Free education was introduced to ages up to 11 by the GOVERNMENT.  1899- School leaving-age raised to 12 YEARS OLD.  Many poor Victorian children didn’t have the chance to go to School- › Forced to work to earn money for their families.  Attendance became compulsory for ages 5-13 because of the Act of 1870.

3.  Queen Victoria came to throne in 1837: › Only Schools for poor kids= Charity/Church (dame) Schools  Set up by teachers within their own homes  1844 - 200 ragged Schools for over 300,000 students/kids (NO OTHER PLACE TO GO)

4.  Depended on the wealth of the child’s family › Rich children- could be tutored  Could go to boarding School, or a private academy

5.  Emphasized on: Reading, Writing, Arithmetic and Bible Study › Mixed into industrial and commercial subjects in many schools

6.  Assembly hall › Morning and Afternoon  With singing/hymns.  Science classes, Wood work shop (for boys) and cookery class (for girls) was also included  Classes were large- up to 60 pupils in each class

7.  Kids aged 5-13 paid 1 pence a week for their education  1870- Government introduced system of education that let local authorities set up Schools paid for out of the rates or taxes

8. Pip Biddy Estella All these characters must have had a free education during the book– ages 5- 13. Pip’s ‘education’ as a gentleman- becoming a gentleman. The encounter of Pip+Biddy= IN SCHOOL- showing that there was education back then.

9.  'Londoners over the border', from Household Words, a weekly journal conducted by Charles Dickens. Issue No. 390, 12 September, 1857.  Hader, Suzanne. “The Bildungsroman Genre: Great Expectations.” The Victorian Web: An Overview. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2010..  “London’s children in the 19 th -century.” Museum of London- English. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2010..