1. Timing of entry
Early or late entry? First mover advantages and disadvantages

2. First mover advantages
Non-imitable production advantages based on learning curve, scale economies, or patents
Pre-empted inputs and geographic and product space
Customer and supplier switching costs

3. First-mover disadvantages
Have to make investments to create the market
May have chosen wrong design in fast moving markets—followers can benefit from experience of first movers
May have been more constrained by rules and regulations than followers

4. Strategies for late entrants
Benchmark and Sidestep (Jollibee)
Find undefended niche
(Airbus, Embraer)
(Haier with wine coolers)
Introduce new business concept and/or technology
(Hardy’s)