2. 1 Sem-ODB: Semantic Object DBMS FIU High Performance Database Research Center Dr. Naphtali Rishe, Director

3. 2 SEMANTIC DATABASE PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction DEFINITION Features Benefits Market Demonstration Summary

4. 3 SEMANTIC DATABASE DEFINITION THE FLEXIBLE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM THAT STORES THE MEANING OF INFORMATION AS FACTS ABOUT OBJECTS.

5. 4 Semantic Binary Model Object-Oriented Features Semantically-Enhanced Object-Relational A Collection of Facts Arbitrary Relationships Storing the Inherent Meaning of Information Information in its Natural Form Information Handling System SEMANTIC DATABASE DEFINITION 

6. 5 SEM-ODB Meaning of Information is Stored Relationship Between Classes No Restriction on Data Type/Size Any Query Can be Run Ad Hoc  Any Relation Can be Viewed No Keys are Required RDBMS Meaning of Information is Lost Relationships not Supported Restricted Data Type and Sizes Most Queries Have to be Predicted  Expensive “Joins” are Needed Keys are Required and are Static SEMANTIC DATABASE DEFINITION

7. 6 SEMANTIC DATABASE PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction Definition FEATURES Benefits Market Demonstration Summary

8. 7 Semantic Database Design Optimal Processing Algorithms Efficient Storage Techniques Application Schema Design Methodology ODBC/SQL Compliance Semantic SQL Internet/WEB Enabled SEMANTIC DATABASE FEATURES 

9. 8 Exceptional usability and flexibility Shorter application design and programming cycle Provides user control via an intuitive structure of information Empowers end-users to pose complex ad hoc decision support queries Superior efficiency-Highest level of optimization Massive reduction in storage size for large applications, such as Data Warehouses Directly supports conceptual data model of the enterprise Internet-integrated SEMANTIC DATABASE FEATURES

10. 9 Semantic view mirrors real world Complex relations made simple Queries made simple, very short Shorter application programs No restrictions on data Very efficient full indexing Full indexing -- indexing on every attribute and relationship Flexible classification of objects Lazy queries Compaction of sparse data No keys are needed Automatic consistency of database Better concurrency control Multi-processor parallelism Interoperability (ODBC, SQL) No tuning required Benchmarks SEMANTIC DATABASE FEATURES

11. 10 SEMANTIC DATABASE PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction Definition Features BENEFITS Market Demonstration Summary

12. 11 Strategic/Enterprise Performance Architecture Development Users SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS

13. 12 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Strategic

14. 13 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Strategic

15. 14 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Strategic

16. 15 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Strategic

17. 16 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Strategic

18. 17 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Architecture Semantic Database Facts (m:m) manufactures PRODUCT specification: String m:m weight_kg: Number m:m COMPANY name: String m:m address: String m:m Subschema: Facts: 1. object1 COMPANY 2. object1 NAME ‘IBM’ 3. object1 MANUFACTURES object2 4. object1 MANUFACTURES object3 5. object2 PRODUCT 6. object2 SPECIFICATION ‘Thinkpad’ 7. object3 PRODUCT 8. object3 SPECIFICATION ‘TrackPoint’ Fact types: aC aRy aRv

19. 18 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Architecture Access Level Basic Queries: aCVerify the fact aC. aRyVerify the fact aRy. a?Find all the categories to which a belongs. ?CFind all objects of category C. aR?Find all y such that aRy. ?RaFind all abstract objects x such that xRa. a?+a??+??aRetrieve all the immediate information about an abstract object. ?RvFind all x such that xRv. ?R[v1,v2]Find all objects x and v such that xRv and v 1 < v < v 2 1 disk access per basic query 

20. 19 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Architecture Update Transactions Accumulated Transaction: (V,D,I) New_database=old_database - the-set-of-facts-to-be-Deleted + + the-set-of-facts-to-be-Inserted V= queries to be verified

21. 20 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Architecture Direct and Inverted Facts object1 COMPANY object1 NAME ‘IBM’ object1 MANUFACTURES object2 object1 MANUFACTURES object3 object2 PRODUCT object2 SPECIFICATION ‘Thinkpad’ object3 PRODUCT object3 SPECIFICATION ‘TrackPoint’ COMPANY inv object1 NAME inv ‘IBM’ object1 object2 MANUFACTURES inv object1 object3 MANUFACTURES inv object1 PRODUCT inv object2 SPECIFICATION inv ‘Thinkpad’ object2 PRODUCT inv object3 SPECIFICATION inv ‘TrackPoint’ object3 Direct:Inverted:

22. 21 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Architecture Sorted Facts COMPANY inv object1 NAME inv ‘IBM’ object1 PRODUCT inv object2 PRODUCT inv object3 SPECIFICATION inv ‘Thinkpad’ object2 SPECIFICATION inv ‘TrackPoint’ object3 object1 COMPANY object1 MANUFACTURES object2 object1 MANUFACTURES object3 object1 NAME ‘IBM’ object2 PRODUCT object2 MANUFACTURES inv object1 object2 SPECIFICATION ‘Thinkpad’ object3 PRODUCT object3 SPECIFICATION ‘TrackPoint’ object3 MANUFACTURES inv object1 Sorted:

23. 22 Much Shorter Application Development Inherent Data Modeling in the Sem-ODB Minimal Database “Design” - Sem-ODB is as Users View Their Needs Relations Between Classes/Objects Don’t Have to be Programmed Considerably Smaller & Simpler SQL Statements  SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Development 

24. 23 PROJECT name: String key description: String comments: String starting-date: Date ending-date:Date LOCATION north-UTM: Number key/2 east-UTM: Number key/2 elevation-ft: Number description: String PHYSICAL OBSERVATION STATION is-part-of m:1: structure: String comments: String housing: String FIXED STATION platform-height-ft: 0..50.000 ORGANIZATION is-part-of m:m: name: String key description: String MEASUREMEMENT TYPE name: String key measurement-unit: String upper-limit: Number lower-limit: Number IMAGE image: Raw subject: String direction-of-view: 0..360 comments: String type: Char(3) OBSERVATION time: Date-time comment: String MEASUREMENT value: Number by (m:1) of (m:1) located at (m:1) serves (m:m) runs (m:m) belongs to (m:m) SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Development SCHEMA

25. 24 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Development Select description, LOCATION from ORGANIZATION SQL for SDB select description, LOCATION.north-UTM-in-key, LOCATION.east-UTM-in-key from ORGANIZATION, LOCATION where exists ( select * from FIXED-STATION where exists ( select * from PHYSICAL-OBSERVATION-STATION- BELONGS-TO-ORGANIZATION where name-key = organization-name-in-key and PHYSICAL-OBSERVATION-STATION- BELONGS-TO-ORGANIZATION. physical_observation-station-id-in-key = FIXED-STATION.physical-observation- station-id-key and located-at--north-UTM = north-UTM-in-key and located-at--east-UTM = east-UTM-in-key ) SQL for RDBMS { “GIVE ME A DESCRIPTION OF ALL ORGANIZATIONS AND THE LOCATION OF THEIR FIXED STATIONS” 

26. 25 SEMANTIC DATABASE BENEFITS-Development Select OBSERVATION__, of__, LOCATION from OBSERVATION where time > '1993/01' SQL for SDB ( select MEASUREMENT-TYPE.*, LOCATION.north-UTM-in-key, LOCATION.east-UTM-in-key, MEASUREMENT.*, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL from MEASUREMENT-TYPE, LOCATION, MEASUREMENT where time > '1993/01' and exists ( select * from FIXED-STATION where by-physical-observation-station-id = physical-observation-station-id-key and located-at--north-UTM = north-UTM-in-key and located-at-east-UTM = east-UTM-in-key and of--name = name-key)) union ( select MEASUREMENT-TYPE.*, NULL, NULL, MEASUREMENT.*, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL from MEASUREMENT-TYPE, MEASUREMENT where time > '1993/01' and not exists ( select * from FIXED-STATION where by-physical-observation-station-id = physical-observation-station-id-key and of-name = name-key)) union ( select NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, LOCATION.north-UTM-in-key, LOCATION.east-UTM-in-key, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, IMAGE.* from LOCATION, IMAGE where time > '1993/01' and exists ( select * from FIXED-STATION where by-physical-observation-station-id = physical-observation-station-id-key and located-at-north-UTM = north-UTM-in-key and located-at—east-UTM = east-UTM-in-key)) union ( select NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, IMAGE.* from IMAGE where time > '1993/01' and not exists ( select * from FIXED ‑ STATION where by--physical-observation-station-id = physical-observation-station-id-key)) SQL for RDBMS { “GIVE ME ALL OF THE OBSERVATIONS, WITH ALL OF THEIR ATTRIBUTES, SINCE JANUARY 1, 1993, AND THE LOCATION OF THE OBSERVING STATIONS” 

27. 26 SEMANTIC DATABASE PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction Definition Features Benefits MARKET Demonstration Summary

28. 27 Sem-ODB Applications:  Internet/WEB Data Access  Data Warehouse/DSS  Video/Audio/Spatial Data Storage  Vertical Applications  Geographic Information Systems  Visualization/Data Modeling  Knowledge Base SEMANTIC DATABASE MARKET

29. 28 SEMANTIC DATABASE PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction Definition Features Benefits Market DEMONSTRATION Summary

30. 29 PROVEN APPLICATIONS:  Satellite Observations Databases  NASA’s EOS  1TB+ per day  Everglades National Park Database  300 Classes, 2,500 Attributes  40 Years of Environmental Observations  TerraFly Edutainment  Control Systems  GIS SEMANTIC DATABASE DEMONSTRATION

31. 30 SEMANTIC DATABASE DEMONSTRATION Visualization: GIS Database: Sem-ODB Size: 1 TB Contents: Landsat Multispectral, USGS Ortho Photography, Ozone Spatial Data, Factual data 

32. 31 SEMANTIC DATABASE PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction Definition Features Benefits Market Demonstration SUMMARY

33. 32 Information Knowledge Base Real World User Accessible High Performance Any Type of Data Cost & Processing Reduction SEMANTIC DATABASE SUMMARY 

34. 33 SEMANTIC DATABASE SUMMARY 