1. Standard Clinic Part 5: Center and Perimeter Version 3.2 Release date: 2004

2. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 2 2004 Points of Emphasis Players must put the ball in play correctly. Allow the former center forward and center back to untangle when possession changes; do no call a foul too quickly. Just because a slough is coming, a referee can still call ordinary or exclusion fouls against the center back. Minimize calling offensive fouls away from the ball. Be an offensive-minded referee.

3. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 3 Refereeing the Perimeter Not time for a vacation Current strategy is moving the ball to get it to the hole set watch for how the ball gets passed to the set if there is a foul at set, ball needs to be passed back out Referees should always call the exclusion when in doubt

4. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 4 Perimeter Principles Calls are based on principles of advantage (the three P’s) Violate advantage only to protect players Obligation is for the defense to play good defense if they play good defense and the offense can’t do anything with the ball: too bad if they play bad defense: call the foul

5. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 5 Perimeter Principles There should be no ordinary fouls away from the ball go ahead and call the exclusion foul for holding, sinking or pulling back a player be aware of what is happening where the ball is Is the center forward turning? Is someone ready to shoot?

6. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 6 Calling Ordinary Fouls If there is an ordinary foul, call it. Be sure that it is related to play Call the foul quickly if it is there delay takes time off the possession clock if the attacking team has earned it, give it to them The onus is on the defense to show they are not committing fouls.

7. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 7 Drives Watch the players and their positions Did the attacking player swim over the defender Did the defender hand check the attacking player Did the defender hold the attacking player Who got to the position first?

8. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 8 Picks Are often run, especially after a foul is called at set If the pick affects play: if an attacking player holds a defender: offensive foul So that the ball reaches another attacking player if a defender holds an attacking player: exclusion foul So the player cannot get free to receive the ball

9. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 9 Refereeing the Center Forward Position Philosophy of the Center Forward Position Positioning at Center Forward Play at Center Forward Calling Fouls at Center Forward

10. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 10 Philosophy of the Center Forward: Offense Role of the Center Forward Player Scorer Passer Changes with : Time in possession Time in period Time/Score in game Double Post Offense

11. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 11 Philosophy of the Center Back: Defense Role of the Center Back Relationship with Goalkeeper Side of defense Take away back hand Take away sweep Relationship with sloughers Forces role of set offense Forces pass: Location Timing Direction

12. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 12 Refereeing the Center Forward Position Philosophy of the Center Forward Position Positioning at Center Forward Play at Center Forward Calling Fouls at Center Forward

13. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 13 Positioning of the Center Forward Player Body position Questions to ask: What can the player do? How far can the player reach for the ball? How much space can the player legally create to work with the ball? Vertical Position Horizontal Position Sitting Position Shoulders Relative to the Goal

14. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 14 Factors Affecting Positioning of the Center Forward Player Handedness Ability to use both hands Shooting hand preference Passing hand preference Primary moves Shooting Passing

15. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 15 Positioning of the Center Back Player Position Relative to Attacking Player Back Position Advantage: Almost none Disadvantage: Almost certain exclusion Lateral Position Advantage: Good defensive positioning Disadvantage: Must rely of goalkeeper

16. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 16 Positioning of the Center Back Player – 2 Front to Front Position (Fronting) Advantage: Excellent defensive positioning Disadvantage: Goalkeeper must tell you where ball is Back to Front Position Advantage: Takes away pass Disadvantage: Penalty fouls called frequently

17. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 17 Common Problems of Poor Defensive Positioning “Hands Up” Defense Continued pressure on the attacking player Can hold and/or sink with elbows, chest, and chin “Leaning” Sinking an attacking player who has gained position

18. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 18 Striving for Position: Equal Pushing Players have the right to the water in which they are located. Players have the right to try and move to more advantageous positions. Both players have equal rights to try and move to a more advantageous position. Neither player may move the other player out of a more advantageous position.

19. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 19 Refereeing the Center Forward Position Philosophy of the Center Forward Position Positioning at Center Forward Play at Center Forward When the ball is not there When the ball is there Calling Fouls at Center Forward

20. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 20 Play at the Center Forward Position When the ball is not there No foul situations Defensive fouls Ordinary fouls Exclusion fouls Offensive fouls

21. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 21 Equal Pushing – No foul

22. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 22 Swimming Around Opponent – No foul

23. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 23 Suit Grabbing (Women) – Exclusion Foul

24. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 24 Suit Grabbing (Women) – Contrafoul

25. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 25 Suit Grabbing (Men) – Exclusion Foul

26. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 26 Hold (and then Sink) – Exclusion Foul

27. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 27 Sink Center Forward to Gain Position – Exclusion Foul

28. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 28 Pull Back Taking Center Forward Out of Position – Exclusion

29. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 29 Play at the Center Forward Position When the ball is there No foul situations Defensive fouls Ordinary fouls Exclusion fouls Penalty fouls When a slougher is present Offensive fouls

30. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 30 Bad Pass (Regular Position) – No Foul

31. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 31 Bad Pass (Inside Position) – No Foul

32. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 32 Hands Up Defense – No Foul

33. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 33 Hand on Ball – No Foul

34. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 34 Release Too Late – No Foul If the player is holding the ball, there are very few fouls that should be called. Younger players often have “the grip of death.” If the ball is released too late (into the hands of a slougher or the goalkeeper), no fouls should be called.

35. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 35 Calling Fouls Hold, sink, pull back With sloughers near by Overly aggressive fouls Inside water calls

36. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 36 Hold on Pass Into Center Forward – Exclusion Foul

37. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 37 Sink at Center Forward – Exclusion Foul

38. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 38 Pull Back – Exclusion Foul

39. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 39 Pull Back Then Hands Up – Exclusion Foul

40. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 40 Calling Fouls Hold, sink, pull back With sloughers near by Overly aggressive fouls Inside water calls

41. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 41 Pass To Wrong Side With Slougher Close – No Call

42. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 42 Two Hands Up Defense With Slougher Coming In – No Call

43. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 43 Impeding With Sloughers Coming In – Ordinary Foul

44. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 44 Pull Back With Sloughers Coming In – Exclusion Foul

45. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 45 Pull Back with No Sloughers Coming In – Exclusion Foul

46. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 46 Calling Fouls Hold, sink, pull back With sloughers near by Overly aggressive fouls Inside water calls

47. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 47 Fouls Around Head/Neck – Exclusion Fouls

48. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 48 Overly Aggressive Foul (Striking) – Exclusion

49. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 49 Elbow to Face (Striking) – Exclusion Foul

50. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 50 Calling Fouls Hold, sink, pull back With sloughers near by Overly aggressive fouls Inside water calls

51. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 51 Turn – No Foul Defense

52. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 52 Inside Water (Advantage) – No call

53. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 53 Turn and Goalkeeper Steal – No foul

54. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 54 Inside But Loses Control of Ball – No Call

55. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 55 Foul With Inside Water – Penalty Foul

56. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 56 Contrafouls (Offensive Fouls) Turnovers (Offensive ordinary fouls) Without the ball With the ball Offensive exclusion fouls

57. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 57 Getting Out from Under a Foul – No Foul

58. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 58 Ball Under – Ordinary Foul

59. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 59 Elbowing for Space – Ordinary Foul (May be Exclusion)

60. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 60 High Elbow Turn (Holding) – Offensive Foul

61. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 61 Push Off (Standard Position) – Offensive Foul

62. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 62 Push Off (Inside Position) – Offensive Foul

63. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 63 Head Butts Are EXTREMELY dangerous Are characterized by a rapid upwards and backwards movement of the chin and striking with the head towards the opponent Minimum of an ordinary foul, may be exclusion, violence, or even brutality.

64. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 64 Head Butts

65. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 65 Head Butt Cautions Be aware that if the chin stays tucked, then it is not a head butt (probably pulling back by the defense). Be aware of bad defensive positioning and contact due to the natural head motion of the set player.

66. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 66 Beware of Fake Head Butts

67. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 67 Fouls After Change From Offense to Defense Once the counterattack to the other end starts – Watch what happens Many times, this is when brutality and violent (game exclusion) fouls occurs Also watch for other fouls …..

68. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 68 Gross and Go – Offensive Foul (may be Exclusion Foul)

69. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 69 Hold by Former Center Forward on Counterattack – Exclusion

70. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 70 Refereeing the Center Forward Position Philosophy of the Center Forward Position Positioning at Center Forward Play at Center Forward Calling Fouls at Center Forward

71. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 71 Refereeing Center Forward – Most Difficult Task in Water Polo Consistency is constantly put to the test Must evaluate level of advantage continuously must be aware of advantage at the set position monitor advantage in rest of the pool watch for what the defenders from perimeter are doing (crashing?)

72. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 72 Basic Principles Physical contact between attacking players and defenders is permitted Intervene ONLY to return possessional advantage return positional advantage return probable goal advantage Minimize calling ordinary fouls at center forward away from the ball

73. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 73 Job of the Center Forward The center forward is obligated to work the ball. The set should Work to shoot the ball Pass the ball Pass to driver for a shot Pass back out to reset the offense The center forward may earn fouls with good play BUT that does not mean the defender has open season!!

74. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 74 Elements Used to Call Center Forward Where are the center forward’s and center back’s hands? Who initiated the contact? Who gained an advantage from the contact? Call the appropriate foul ordinary foul (offensive or defensive) neutral throw exclusion

75. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 75 Other Elements to Call Center Forward What are the center forward and center back trying to do? Is the center forward being prevented from playing offense by impeding, holding, sinking or pulling back? Is the center back prevented from playing defense by pushing off, holding, sinking or pulling back?

76. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 76 Context, Context, Context How are the actions of the center forward and center back related to what else is going on in the pool? What is happening where the ball is? Are there drivers coming through? Did a pick open up a player? Is there any shooting advantage?

77. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 77 Context, Context, Context How are the actions of the center forward and center back related to the game in progress? How much time is there on the game clock? On the possession clock? What period is it? What is the score?

78. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 78 “Striving for Position” Incidental contact will occur as the set and set defender strive to gain position This incidental contact is to be ignored

79. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 79 What is NOT allowed When a player holds, grabs a player and moves him/her out of the way applies to both the set and set defender offensive foul (at a minimum) exclusion on defender When defender shoves the hole set under water: exclusion foul

80. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 80 Holding Position The center forward is obligated to hold position once he/she has it Defender cannot push, shove, hold, pull the center forward out of position Defender may have incidental contact with center forward when trying to go for ball Defender may not go through the shoulder of the center forward to get at ball (exclusion)

81. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 81 Turns at Center Forward Center forward holds ball defender can hold, sink, pull back to get at ball (may not kick or strike) if center forward ducks his/her head underwater while holding the ball, defender can go get at ball if defender has hips down and is turned by center forward: call what you can see

82. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 82 Turns at Center Forward Center forward releases ball after turning no foul if defender is holding or sinking set at the moment when the ball is released defender is given a little time to get off hole set after ball is release does not get off - penalty shot

83. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 83 Turns at Center Forward Center forward tries to get the ball again if defender holds or prevents center forward from getting ball: penalty foul if center forward made the turn such that the goaltender (or other defender) took the ball away: no call if center forward lost control of the ball when he/she released it: no call, ordinary, or exclusion foul.

84. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 84 When a Crasher/Slougher is Coming In Does the center forward know the crasher or slougher is coming in? Yes: was he/she prevented to protecting the ball? Then ordinary foul (usually). No: then ball often is stolen. Was the ball passed to the center forward while crashers were coming in? Yes: usually a bad pass; ball should be stolen (usually).

85. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 85 Two Guiding Principles The burden of proof is on the defense. It is the defense that is obligated to prove that they are not committing a foul. Always give the advantage to the offense. If it is a 50-50 call, the call should go to the offense.

86. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 86 The Objective... The referee should not focus on just one situation or just one pair of players watch what is going on in your primary area of responsibility be aware of all the other pairs of players know where the ball is be sensitive to what is happening at the ball

87. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 87 REWARD Good position Good technique It doesn’t matter how much time is left on the clock … a foul is a foul is a foul and should be called even if it is in the last second of the possession.

88. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 88 The No Call No calls are calls requires experience looks like the referee “missed” something okay for less experienced referees to call too many fouls … just as long as they are consistently applied with experience will decrease number of unnecessary calls however, not an excuse to stop blowing the whistle!!!

89. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 89 Better Late Than Early Examples attacking player hooks defenders arm hard hit on set that causes ball to pop out Before intervening can the center forward can improve his/her position can the center forward complete the play? A late whistle is better than an early one

90. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 90 Ordinary Fouls or Exclusions Exclusion fouls are more common at set than ordinary fouls Ordinary foul typically is when the defender has played good defense and caused the set to move him/herself out of position – Should still be called!! Exclusion fouls are called for taking away offensive advantage

91. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 91 REWARD GOOD PLAY DISCOURAGE BAD PLAY

92. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 92 The End of Part 5 Set and Perimeter