1. CTENOPHORES COMB JELLIES-videovideo

2. All marine 100 species Radially symmetry and gelatinous body Swim with 8 rows of CILIARY COMBS, long cilia fused at the base that beat in waves reflecting light In warm and cold waters COLLOBLASTS- long tentacles armed with sticky cells

3. www.mwra.state.ma.us/.../graphic/ctenophore.jpg Comb jelly

4. BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL WORMS FLATWORMS, RIBBON WORMS, NEMATODES, SEGMENTED WORMS- VIDEO VIDEO

5. FLATWORMS Phylum- Platyhelminthe Dorsoventrally flat Simplest animals with tissues organized into real organs and organ systems Have a central nervous system Simple brain- bundle of nerve cells Several nerve cords the length of the worm Only one opening for gut/anus

6. Embryos have a middle layer of tissue called the MESODERM (1 st animal to have it)- which gives rise to muscles, the reproductive system, and other organs 20,000 species Most common marine ones are the TURBELLARIANS- free living carnivores

7. www.daviddarling.info/images/flatworm_section.jpg

8. Polyclad flatworm, Pseudoceros sp, Egyptian Red Sea. Photo © Mike Keggen http://www.julianrocks.net/flatworms/PseudobicerosBedfordi.html FENCING

9. Flukes or TREMATODES- largest group of flatworms; 6000 species; all parasitic Tapeworms or CESTODES- long body with repeating units; live in intestines of vertebrates; don’t have a gut or mouth but absorb nutrients

10. RIBBON WORMS Or NEMERTEAN More complex organization Complete digestive tract with gut, mouth, and anus Circulatory system Proboscis-long fleshy tube used to entangle prey Predators that feed on worms and crustaceans 900 species mostly marine

11. http://rydberg.biology.colostate.edu/Dissections/Nemertea/Nemer teawh.JPG

12. Nematodes Roundworms Found mostly in sediment or intestinal tracts; most parasitic; small, with slender body that is pointed at one end Gut and anus Has a hydrostatic skeleton- a system that uses water pressure against the body wall to maintain body shape and aid in locomotion Anywhere between 10,000 to 25,000 species Larvae found in raw or poorly cooked fish

13. http://www.diplectanum.dsl.pipex.com/sim/anisak.jpg

14. SEGMENTED WORM OR ANNELIDS About 20,000 species More complex body systems Has segmentation- identical body segments Has a coelom-body cavity found in structurally complex animals- completely surrounded by tissue developed from the mesoderm

15. Classes of Annelids 1)Polychaetes- most of the marine annelids;made of body segmetnns that have a pair of flattened extensions called parapodia that have setae (sharp bristles) Have a closed circulatory system that transports nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide Have gills on the parapodia that contain capillaries to help with the absorption of oxygen

16. 10,000 species almost all marine Live in temporary or permanent tubes made of mucus, protein, seaweed bits, mud, etc. Mostly carnivores but some are suspension feeders Proboscis ensnares prey Life history of Polychaetes Have a trochophore- a planktonic larval stage with cilia Some such as the Tomopteris are planktonic for entire life

17. http://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab__12_a nnel_arthro/images/nereis.jpg Nereis

18. An assemblage of polychaetes (Photo by H. Torres)

19. 2) Pogonophorans or beard worms- Lack a mouth and gut Has food absorbing tufts 135 species Deep water Another group called the vestimentiferans are much longer Some found at hydrothermal vents

20. www.nematodes.org/.../pogonophora/pogo 1.gif

21. 3)Oligochaetes- found in mud and sand; eat detritus;marine relatives of earthworms; no parapodia http://www.mpi-bremen.de/Binaries/Binary7687/Oalg_7_RGB_small.jpg

22. 4.) Leeches- some marine species; parasitic; sucker at one end; no parapodia Tracy Clark 8/11/2006 La Jolla Shores Hornyhead Tubot Pleuronichthys verticalis Leech Unidentified Nikon D70 60mm lens

23. PEANUT WORMS Phylum: Sipuncula Unsegmented bodies Burrowers; shallow water; deposit feeders All marine Long, anterior portion has a mouth a a set of small lobes of branching tentacles 320 species

24. http://www.livewild.org/CostaRica/Pics/a5751.jpg

25. ECHIURANS- phylum Echiura 135 species all marine Look like peanut worms but with a non- retractable, spoon-like or forked proboscis Deposit feeders Some live in U-shaped tubes in the mud

26. http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3089/2922855838_a3df563b1e.jpg?v=1223412990

27. Molluscs: The Successful Soft Body

28. BASIC MOLLUSK CHARACTERISTICS Most have a soft body enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell Body covered with a mantle- a thin layer of tissue that secretes the shell Bilaterally symmetrical Ventral, muscular foot Head with sensory organs including eyes Have a radula- ribbon-like band of teeth made of chitin used for feeding Have paired gills

29. 3 major classes of Mollusks Gastropods (class Gastropoda) Bivalves (class Bivalvia) Cephlapods (class Cephlapodia) 2 minor classes of Mollusks: Chitons Tusk shells

30. Gastropods “stomach footed” Largest and most common class Snails, limpets, abalones and nudibranches 75,000 species mostly marine Has a hard dorsal shell Use radula to scrape algae from rocks Some are deposit feeders; some are carnivores Nudibranches or sea slugs have no shell

31. Nudibranch http://birdhouse.org/blog/wp- content/uploads/2008/05/nudibranch.jpg Limpet www.barwonbluff.com.au/.../limpet%20smooth.jpg

32. limpet www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore coneshell http://www.scuba-equipment- usa.com/marine/JUN05/images/Conus_texti le.jpg

33. Violet snails http://www.floridastateparks.org/bahiahonda/images/BAH-violet-snail.jpg

34. BIVALVES Clams,mussels,oysters etc. Body is laterally compressed and enclosed in a shell with two parts No head, no radula Gills larger and used for obtaining oxygen and to filter food particles Inner surface of shell lined by mantle; therefore whole body is in the mantle cavity- a large space between the two halves of the mantle

35. Siphons-tube-like extension through which water flows in and out of the mantle cavity in bivalves, cephlapods, and tunicates

36. Mussels have byssal threads to attach to submerged surfaces such as rocks etc.

37. http://www.japan-hopper.com/wp- content/photos/pearl_oyster.jpg Pearl oyster Pearl diving video

38. www.waterworxbali.com/.../giant-clam-diver.jpg Giant sea clam…largest bivalve can be up to 3ft in length

39. Some bivalves bore into coral, rock or wood Ex: shipworm– known as a fouling organism because they settle on the bottom

40. CEPHLAPODA- “head-footed” Predators Octopuses, squids, cuttlefishes Reduced or absent shell Foot modified into arms and tentacles with suckers Round bodies- octopus Elongated bodies- squid Bodies protected by thick, muscular mantle Mantle cavity behind head contains 2-4 gills Siphon = funnel- a muscular tube from the foot