1. Ch 18-2

2.  Make a list of everything that you ate yesterday.  Next to each item, write where it comes from (Hint: list plant or animal).

3.  Write EQ’s  How is energy transferred within an ecosystem?  How are the four energy roles different from each other?  Why is only 10% of the energy passed to the next level in the energy pyramid?

4.  Use food webs to describe how energy and matter are transferred from one organism to another.  Trace the transfer of matter in a food chain and food web.

5.  Where do you get your energy from?  Where do animals get their energy from?  Where do plants get their energy from?

6.  Ecologists study feeding patterns to learn how energy flows within an ecosystem.

7.  Each organism has a different role in the movement of energy through its ecosystem.

8.  Energy role determined by ◦ how it obtains energy ◦ how it interacts with the other living things

9.  * Energy enters most ecosystems as sunlight and is converted through photosynthesis

10.  Photosynthesis= the process by which photoautotrophs (plants and some other organisms) capture light energy and use it to make food(sugars) from carbon dioxide and water.

11. http://whyfiles.org/coolimage s/images/csi/nur04506.jpg  chemoautotrophs convert chemicals to energy in the deep ocean and dark caves  Bacteria break down the sulfur compounds to release the energy.

12.  Reactants are what goes in….  6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + sunlight   Six molecules of carbon dioxide (CO 2 )  Plus  Six molecules of Water (H 2 O )  Plus  Sunlight and Chlorophyll  Yields (arrow is read Yields)

13.  6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6 Oxygen molecules (O 2 ) Plus One molecule of Sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 )

14.  Sugar stores the energy from the sun until it is broken down and the energy is released.  The energy is in the chemical bonds that hold the sugar molecule together. When those bonds are broken, the energy is released.  The process of breaking down sugar is called Cellular respiration.  STOP

15.  Producer  Consumer  Decomposer

16.  Objective: Compare/contrast food/energy requirements of different organisms:  compare food requirements in autotrophs and heterotrophs:  illustrate food and energy requirements in autotrophs and heterotrophs:  Describe the role of producers, consumers and decomposers in a food web.

17.  Define ….  -most (make food) through photosynthesis (photoautotrophs)  -some through other chemical reactions. (chemoautotrophs)  -source of all food in the ecosystem

18. Plants Bacteria Protists

19.  What are we?  Consumer (synonym)  Heterotroph = an organism that cannot make its own food.  -depends on producers for food and energy.  Heterotrophs are consumers (define)

20.  Classified by what they eat  Herbivores  Carnivores  Omnivores  Detritivores (eat dead things) ◦ scavengers and decomposers

21.  Define  herba = grass or herb vorare = to eat  ex: caterpillars, deer, cattle

22.  Define  carnis= flesh  ex: Lions, spiders, snakes

23.  Define  Ex: catfish, vultures, lobsters, crabs, shrimp (all bottom feeders), Earthworms (sometimes called a decomposer)

24.  Define  Omni = all  ex: humans, crows, goats

25.  Define  Returns important nutrients to the environment  Exs: bacteria, fungi, (worms)

26.  Decomposers and scavengers are essential for the recycling of molecules in the ecosystem.  Without them, the wastes and dead animals would just pile up and the nutrients would not be able to be used by any other organisms.  They are nature’s recyclers.

27. Worms and insects are sometimes called decomposer and sometimes called scavengers. Anything that eats detritus (something dead) is a detritivore.

28.  Objective: Explain the food web/food chain cycles in nature that affect living things.

29. How do scientists show the flow of energy?  The movement of energy through an ecosystem can be shown in diagrams called food chains and food webs.

30.  Define  shows one possible path for the flow of energy.  -arrows follow the flow of energy

31.  Sunlight   Producer   1 st level consumer (primary)   2 nd level consumer (secondary)   3 rd level consumer (tertiary)   decomposer (energy flow stops here)

32. ** What is missing?  *Where does the energy come from?  *What is the producer?  *What is the 1 st level consumer?  *What is the 2 nd level consumer?  *What is the 3 rd level consumer?

33.  Define  -more realistic flow of energy  -energy has many paths through many different organisms  -each organism can have more than one role.

34. Producers  Third-level/Tertiary  Consumers  Second-level /Secondary  Consumers  First-level /Primary  Consumers

35.  1) producers  2) primary consumers  3) secondary consumers  4) Herbivores  5) Carnivores  6) Ominvores  7) What is missing?

36.  Aka Capstone Species  = a species that if removed from the food web will cause the food web to collapse and most things to die off.

37.  * Organisms use energy to move, grow, reproduce and carry out other life activities (90%)  or lost as heat, so  only a small amount (10%) of the energy is passed to the next level in the food chain.

38.  * Most food webs only have 3 to 4 levels since there is not enough energy to support many feeding levels.  Ocean food webs tend to have more levels.

39.  Define  -most energy at producer level  amount of energy in the producer level limits the number of consumers the ecosystem can support.  Therefore fewer producers =fewer consumers

41.  an average of only 10% of the energy eaten by one level is passed onto the other levels.  actual amounts varies depending on ◦ the type of ecosystem or biome ◦ and the amount of organisms living in the ecosystem or biome.