1. Sources of Constantinople’s Strength No particular order of importance as the strength lies in the combination of all of these

2. TRADE Goods from all over the world attract people, more goods, and money/wealth –Russia (Kiev) to the north –Egypt, which itself is a caravan destination for goods from all over northern Africa –Asia -- end point of the Silk Road (silk, fabrics, spices, gems, silver & gold

3. TAXES Taxes are charged on all goods coming into the city bringing much wealth. There is little spent to collect these taxes - thus it is “easy money”

4. LOCATION Crossroads (“one foot in Europe, one foot in Asia”) Sea routes connecting the Black and Mediterranean Seas Land routes from Europe, Asia, Middle East, Africa NOTE the map that we studied

5. MILITARY Considered the strongest army in the world Powerful navy as well - Greek Fire This strength makes it a safe place, thus protecting the people, goods, and wealth

6. RULERS Their leaders reform laws Their leaders place emphasis on education They are blessed with strong and wise rulers

7. FORTIFICATIONS The amazing system of walls along with the extensive use of aqueducts and cisterns make it safe from attack