1. Crusades

2. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe

3. 2. Turks threaten Constantinople(Byzantine E.) a. Look Pope Urban II for help b. Pope hopes to unite East & West Rome

4. B. Pope’s call to war 1. Food shortage: Palestine had rich fields 2. Free of debt & taxes 3. God to forgive sins of fallen 4. Soldiers wear red cross

5. 5. Deus vult! “It is the will of God” 6. Reasons a. Duty b. Nobles gain land & fame c. Peasants escape hard work

6. II. 1096 - Peasants’ Crusade A. March to Palestine 1. Attacked farmers, cottages, fields 2. Massacred Jews 3. Retaliation: poison wells, attack camps

7. 4. 2/3rds make it to Constantinople Looting city Byzantine Emperor supplies & ships Asia Minor to fight Turks Killed by bowmen

8. III. 1097 - Nobles’ Crusade A. March to Palastine 1. Nobles bring everything a. Borrowed $ to pay for supplies 2. 30K men defeat Turks

9. B. 1099 - Crusaders captured Jerusalem 1. Massacred: Turks, Jews, Christians 2. Looted city

10. C. Outremer - “Kingdom Beyond the Sea” 1. 4 feudal kingdoms a. Takeover of Turk & Arab land b. Arab peasants advise & work land c. Muslims admire bravery

11. 2. Changes a. New architecture & design 1) Round towers & walls 2) Marble walls, painted ceilings, silk hangings, carpets

12. b. Fashion 1) Men: turbans, loose flowing silk & linen 2) Women: jeweled tunics, gold thread, veils, makeup, perfume

13. c. Bathing d. Foods: rice, oranges, figs, melons

14. IV. Crusade of Kings A. 1174 - Saladin ruler of Egypt 1. Organizes Muslims a. Emirs - leaders of armies b. Soldiers 1) Short bows & Crossbows 2) Calvary

15. 2. 1187 - Saladin takes Jerusalem a. Refused to massacre Christians b. Won respect of crusaders

16. B. Church urges crusade 1. Emperor Frederick Barbarosa of Germany a. Died in Asia Minor b. Troops return home

17. 2. King Richard I of England “the Lionheart” 3. King Philip II Augustus of France a. 3 yrs against Saladin w/ Richard b. Signed treaty w/ Saladin & returned home

18. C. 1202 - Pope Innocent III calls for crusade 1. Venice to replace Constantinople as trade center 2. Constantinople captured & looted 3. Conduct shocked w. Europeans 4. Ideal lost

19. V. 1212 - Children’s crusade A. Children sail from Marseilles B. Died or sold as slaves

20. VI. Effects A. 1291 - Muslims take back Acre (win) B. Church split permanent C. Byzantine Empire weakened

21. D. Feudalism breaks down 1. Kings become powerful while Lords away 2. Greed clouds religious ideals

22. E. Eastern influences 1. Learning interest renewed 2. Luxuries: spices, sugar, lemons, silk 3. New trade routes (towns develop) 4. Military: crossbow, gunpowder