1. Sentence Types
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-Complex

2. Types of Sentence Structure
Simple sentence = ONE independent clause
May have a compound subject or compound verb, but still only one main clause and no dependent clauses; may have phrases included, but still only one independent, main clause
Examples:
Brian ran down the field.
(1 subject and 1 verb)
Hope and Kelsie talked and laughed all night.
(compound subject and compound verb)

3. Types of Sentence Structure
Compound Sentence - = A compound sentence has 2 or more parts that can stand alone (independent clauses)
Can be joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS), CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS or by a semicolon
Examples:
Hannah likes to read, but she likes to watch movies, too.
Hunter wants to play baseball, or he might go out for golf, but he will always play football.
Ryan plays the trumpet well; he practices every day of the week.

4. Complex Sentence = 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses
A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand alone and another one that cannot
The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a subordinating conjunction

5. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether,” and while."

6. Compound-Complex Sentences = at least 2 independent clauses (compound) and at least 1 dependent clause (complex)
Examples:
When I realized I was wrong, I apologized, but I still felt bad about it.
Katie wanted a new puppy, and she asked her mom after she had cleaned her room thoroughly.

7. Compound-Complex Sentence
This type of sentence has more than one part that can stand alone, and at least one that cannot.
Conjunctions link the different parts of this sentence.

8. The Four Sentence Structures
INDEPENDENT
CLAUSES
DEPENDENT
Simple 1
Compound
2 or more
Complex
1 or more
Compound-Complex

9. 8 PARTS OF SPEECH Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Pronoun Preposition
Conjunction
Interjection

10. Nouns refers to a person, place, thing, or idea.

11. Common and Proper Nouns
A common noun names any person, place, thing or idea.
Examples:
Movie
College
A proper noun names a specific person, place, thing or idea.
Furious 7
Florida State University

12. Verbs Defined A verb is a word that expresses…
AN ACTION - Joey punched Sal in the face.
A CONDITION - I feel pretty awful right now.
A STATE OF BEING - I am thrilled at your news!

13. Categories 1. Action verbs 2. Linking verbs 3. Helping Verbs
Three categories of verbs
1. Action verbs
2. Linking verbs
3. Helping Verbs

14. Action Verbs MENTAL PHYSICAL
“Mr. Johnson thinks most of us are ready to take this test.”
PHYSICAL
“We worked hard on the grammar homework.”

15. Linking Verbs
A linking verb does not express action like we think of “action”
It links the subject of a sentence to a word in the predicate

16. Linking Verbs – 2 types Forms of the verb “to be”
“I am happy.”
“My shoes are wet.”
Verbs that express condition
“Dillon looks bored when we study grammar.”
“Most of you seem intelligent.”

17. Verbs that express condition
The Linking Verbs
“to be” verbs is
are am
was
were be
been
being
Verbs that express condition
seem remain
become grow
smell taste
feel sound
look appear

18. Linking or Action? Action Linking
BE CAREFUL: The same verb can be linking or action, depending on how it is used!
Action
“The cook tastes the fish before serving it.”
Linking
“This fish tastes delicious.”

19. Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. ANSWERS FOUR QUESTIONS:
ADJECTIVES
Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
ANSWERS FOUR QUESTIONS:
Which one?
How much?
How many?
What kind?

20. How? When? Where? Adverbs describe, modify or change
the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
They answer the questions:
How?
He ran quickly.
When?
She left yesterday.
We went there.
Where?
To what degree?
It was too hot!

21. Adverbs Modify Modify verb Modify adjective Modify adverb
Ex: Good drivers turn the corner slowly.
Modify adjective
Ex: Really good drivers turn the corner slowly.
Modify adverb
Ex: Good drivers turn the corner very slowly.

22. Many adverbs end in –ly
Many adverbs are formed by adding –ly to an adjective.
Ex: happily, briefly, easily, quickly
Beware of words ending in –ly that are not adverbs
Examples: lovely, lonely, ghastly, and worldly
These examples do not answer the question HOW?
These examples are really adjectives!

23. Pronouns A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.
It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
Indefinite Pronouns
anybody
each
either
none
someone
one, etc.
Demonstrative Pronouns
this
that
these
those
Personal/Possessive
Pronouns
I, me, mine
you, your, yours
she, her, hers,
we, us, our, ours
it, its
they, them, their,
theirs
myself
yourself
Interrogative Pronouns
who
whom
what
which
whose

24. Prepositions
A preposition is a part of speech that shows a relationship between two things.
Location (on, under, in)
Timing (before, after, during)
Direction (from, toward, to)

25. Prepositions (cont.) Two things: mouse + table
The mouse is on the table.
Two things: mouse + table
Relationship: one is on the other
On is a preposition!

26. Prepositions (cont.) Two things: mouse + table
The mouse is under the table.
Two things: mouse + table
Relationship: one is under the other
Under is a preposition!

27. Some Common Prepositions
aboard
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond by
down
during
except
for
from in
into
like of
off on
over
past
since
through
throughout to
toward
under
underneath
until up
upon
with
within
without

28. Conjunctions are words that join words or groups of words.
There are three main types:
coordinating conjunctions
subordinating conjunctions
correlative conjunctions

29. There are seven coordinating conjunctions: Use FANBOYS to remember
for and nor
but or yet so

30. Subordinating Conjunctions
connect two complete ideas by making one of the ideas subordinate or less important than the other

31. Types of Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions are not single words. They work in pairs.
There are five pairs of correlative conjunctions:
both….and whether….or neither….nor
not only….but also either….or

32. Examples of Correlative Conjunctions
I saw both the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building.
I have neither pickles nor tomato on my hamburger.
I don’t know whether to play baseball or to play basketball this year.
Either the student or the teacher can answer the question.
Not only do I play the flute, but I also play the clarinet.

33. Interjections are words that show emotions; usually end in an exclamation point.
Goodness! What a cute baby!
Wow! Look at that sunset!
COMMON INTERJECTIONS
aha
good grief no
well
alas ha oh
what
awesome
hey
Oh, no
whoops
come on
hooray
oops
wow
gee
look
ouch
yes

34. Interjections
If an interjection is spoken calmly, simply put a comma after it and continue the sentence.
Ex. Shhh, the baby is sleeping.
Ex. Oh my, I dropped my pencil.

35. Interjections
If an interjection is spoken with more emotion, it is followed by an exclamation point. The next word is then capitalized.
Ex. Ouch! I just cut my finger.
Ex. He scored the winning touchdown. Wow!