2. GLACIATION

3. About 15 million square kilometres of the earth’s surface are currently covered with glaciers

4. Continental ice sheets

5. Two Types of Glaciers Continental: found at high LATITUDES ex. Greenland, AntarcticaContinental: found at high LATITUDES ex. Greenland, Antarctica Alpine: found at high ALTITUDES ex. Western CordilleraAlpine: found at high ALTITUDES ex. Western Cordillera

6. How GLACIERS Form Two conditions need to be present: 1. Prolonged cold 2. Accumulation of snow Over time, the overlying snow layers of snow compress the lower layers until it becomes ice.

7. How Do Glaciers MOVE? Glaciers move like a very thick liquid Depending on the climate, a glacier can do one of three things: –Advance –Stay Stationary –Retreat Mass Balance: the rate of accumulation is balanced by the rate of ablation (melting)

8. How Do Glaciers Alter the Landscape? Glaciers leave evidence on the landscape in the form of erosional features: –Striations –U-shaped Valleys –Spillways –Misfit Streams

9. Depositional Features 1. Ice Deposits –Till –Moraines –Drumlins –Erratics 2. Meltwater Deposits – Eskers – Outwash plains

10. A Moraine

11. Oak Ridges Moraine

20. Spillway with a Mistfit stream

22. V- Shaped Valley

23. U-Shaped Valley

26. How ice alters the landscape 1.scraps or scours - like sandpaper - rocks are embedded into the bottom of the ice sheet and erode the bedrock as it flows 2.conveyor belt - embedded rocks are carried in the ice and deposited in the front as the glacier flows 3.plucking - ice freezes onto the rock and pulls or plucks it away as it flows 4.bulldozer - material is pushed along in front

29. The End!