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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 1 ECE 406 – Design of Complex Digital Systems Lecture 1: Introduction Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis NC State University with significant material from Paul Franzon, Bill Allen, & Xun Liu
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 2 Announcements l Projects are the labs » Jeremy Brown will be the TA l HW#1 Due in 12 Days
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 3 Today’s Lecture l Introduction l Brief Review of ECE 212 l Syllabus
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 4 ECE 406: A course in “building stuff” l Specification: Build a piece of hardware to read in 4 bits and allow the user to select one bit for output. How would you build it?
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 5 Approaches l ECE 206/306 Approach (Software) » Microcontroller & memory on an evaluation board, assembly language or C code to implement behavior l ECE 212 Approach (Hardware) » Discrete logic chips (flip-flops, AND & OR gates, multiplexers), breadboard, wires l Which approach is better?
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 6 Comparison of Approaches l Cost » Manufacturing / Materials (Recurring) » Design (Non-Recurring) l Performance » Speed » Power
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 7 What are you likely to design? l Digital Still Camera (DSC) l CD Player l Satellite TV/Radio Receiver l Digital Cable Set-Top Box l Cellular Telephone l Wireless LAN Cards l HDTV Receivers l Cable Modems / DSL Modems Kodak DSC
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 8 Kodak DSC System Overview source: http://www/ti.comhttp://www/ti.com Blue is on-chip, white is off-chip built around a TMS320DSC25 chip from Texas Instruments
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 9 Hardware vs. Software l When to use a Hardware approach instead of a Software approach? l New Hardware is generally created whenever a micro-processor can’t be found that’s fast enough for a given application » Higher resolution camera » Higher quality video » Faster data-rate modem » 70% of embedded applications run within 250 Mhz l ECE 406 is a HARDWARE DESIGN CLASS » You’ll design an LC-3 Microcontroller before it’s over
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 10 Review of ECE 212 l Specification: Design a piece of hardware to read in 4 bits and allow the user to select one bit for output. Block Diagram (Sketch) Schematic
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 11 Parts of a Schematic l Ports / Terminals » interface to outside world » how many? l Nets » internal connections » how many? l Symbols » simple (or “abstract”) representation of hardware » how many? l Instances » An occurrence of a symbol » how many
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 12 What is a Digital System? It is a organized collection of digital elements which is designed to perform specified operations on a set of digital inputs and to generate a set of digital responses. A digital system can be as simple as a block of combinational logic or as complex as a microprocessor.
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 13 What is a Digital System? Structure of digital systems: “system” vs. “module” For small systems which can be conveniently designed monolithically the terms “system” and “module” may be used interchangeably. A digital system can be created as a monolithic structure. Complex systems often need to be partitioned into some number of subsystems -- “modules”
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 14 What is a Digital System? Single module system: module data in control data out control System
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 15 What is a Digital System? Multiple module system: module data in control data out control System module data in control
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 16 Inside the TMS320DSC25 chip How do we go about designing this? Or how to computer engineers go about designing this?
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 17 Step 1: Describe the Hardware l One approach: Simply describe the whole system as a set of schematics. l Then send your description off to a semiconductor company to fabricate for you. l What problems arise with this approach? » Drawing schematics takes too much time » How do you know for certain that it will work?
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 18 Step 2: Simulate the Behavior l Automatically generate a timing diagram / waveforms to verify the behavior In[0] In[1] In[2] In[3] clock Out[0] Out[1] Out[2] Out[3] Clock In Out F 1 A 5 x F2AA
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 19 Role of Hardware Description Languages l Modern digital chip and system design centers on the use of Hardware Description Languages (HDL) to capture the design at the Register Transfer Level (RTL) » RTL specifies all registers (flip-flops) and the combinational logic between the flip-flops » Capturing the design in RTL is much faster than drawing a schematic, because you don’t need to specify each gate. » But how do we get the final hardware?
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 20 Step 3: Synthesize the Hardware l Modern design depends heavily on the use of Computer-Aided Design tools: » To synthesize the RTL design into a schematic » To turn the schematic into a chip layout, FPGA mapping or board layout » To verify the original design, and verify that the more detailed designs are consistent with the original design l Good designers depend critically on their ability to operate effectively with the CAD tools » Just knowing how to design logic is not enough » Unfortunately, you must learn a lot of tools and learn how to deal with their complexity and bugs » Its important to form a good understanding of the tool’s methodology HDLs simplify Design Capture & Design Automation
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 21 Synthesis-based chip design l The chip is designed using synthesis tools » Used when time-to-market is the most important issue l Basic Steps: Write HDL Simulate Snythesize Place&Route Verify
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 22 IC Design Approaches l HDL and synthesis based design is used in both Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs): D-flip-flop NOR gate Place and Route Tool
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 23 …IC Design Approaches l and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs): Xilinx FPGA architecuture Configurable Logic Block (CLB): “cost and time-to-market pressures are forcing implementation of embedded applications to move from ASICs to FPGAs” – Tanurhan, Computer, Nov 2006
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Spring 2007 W. Rhett Davis with minor editing by J. Dean Brock UNCA ECE 406-602Slide 24 Summary l Explain the differences between the following terms: » Schematic vs. Block Diagram » Port vs. Net » Symbol vs. Instance » System vs. Module » HDL vs. RTL
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