1. Popes and Kings
Chapter 10.1

2. Popes and Kings Rule Europe
In the early Middle Ages, great nobles and their knights held a great deal of power.
As time passed, though, this power began to shift into the hands of two types of leaders: popes and kings.
Popes had great spiritual power, and kings had political power.
vs.

3. Political Power of Popes
The Power of the Popes
The Pope was the head of the Christian Church in Western Europe. People saw the pope as God’s representative on Earth.
Duties of the Pope
Decide what the Church would teach
Write a bull – Church policy
Decide when someone was acting against the Church
Excommunication
Pope/bishop could cast out people from the Church.
People believed it meant they could not get into heaven.
Political Power of Popes
After the Roman Empire collapsed, many people looked to Pope as the leader.
Popes became rich and powerful.

4. The Power of Kings Some kings had little real power.
In which 3 countries did kings have real control?
England, France, Holy Roman Empire
How were kings chosen in England and France?
Inherited throne from fathers
The Holy Roman Empire
This empire grew out of Charlemagne’s empire, who built his empire with the pope’s approval.
Why was it called the Holy Roman Empire?
it was approved by Pope
seen as rebirth of the Roman Empire

5. Popes Fight for Power
Although people of western Europe considered the pope the head of the Church, people in eastern Europe disagreed.
Great Schism
Do Summary A
on the back.
In Eastern Europe:
Bishops controlled religious matters with little or no guidance from the Pope.
Mid 1000s: Clever popes & Pope Leo IX
sought to increase authority over eastern bishops
Church leaders in Eastern Europe:
refused to recognize the Pope’s supremacy.
Pope Responded:
Excommunicated the eastern patriarch (bishop) in 1054.
Orthodox Church
Christians who agreed with the bishop of Constantinople.
Roman Catholic
Christians who supported Pope Leo’s authority.

6. Summary : Box A Discuss the events that lead to the Great Schism.
Explain/define the Great Schism or draw an illustration to represent the Great Schism.

7. Kings and Popes Clash Disagreement between kings and popes:
Kings wanted to choose bishops in their countries.
Popes wanted to choose religious officials.
Pope Gregory VII vs. Emperor Henry IV (1073)
Pope Gregory VII disapproved of the bishop chosen by Emperor Henry IV.
Emp. Henry IV convinced Germany’s bishops to remove Gregory as Pope.
The Pope then excommunicated Emperor Henry IV.
Compromise, 1122 A.D.
The new pope and emperor decided that Church officials would choose bishops and abbots.
Bishops and abbots would still have to obey the emperor.
Despite the compromise over choosing church officials, kings and popes continued to fight for power throughout the Middle Ages.

8. Summary : Box B What did Popes and Kings disagree about?
Was there a resolution? Explain why or why not?