1. Name: GCSE History @ JWS

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. Use source A and your own knowledge to describe the influence of Rasputin. (3 marks) A cartoon showing Rasputin with the Tsar and Tsarina Source A ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5

6. Use source A and your own knowledge to describe the effects of WW1 on ordinary Russian life. (3 marks) Source A A bread queue in Moscow, September 1917 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6

7. Source A Use source A and your own knowledge to describe the nature of Russian society in 1905. (3 marks) A cartoon showing Russian society in 1905 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7

8. Describe Russia’s involvement in WW1. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 8

9. Describe the Treaty of Brest Litovsk. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 9

10. Outline the key events of the Bolshevik’s seizure of power. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 10

11. Describe what life was typically like for working class Russians under the Tsar.(4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 11

12. Describe the events of the February 1917 Revolution. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 12

13. Describe the important decrees issued by the Sovnarkom in November and December 1917. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 13

14. Outline how Rasputin’s increasing unpopularity led to his death. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 14

15. Outline the significance of Lenin’s April Thesis. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 15

16. Outline reasons why Russia was a difficult country to govern for the Tsar. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 16

17. How important was the role of WWI on the Tsar’s abdication in 1917? (8 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 17

18. How important was the Kornilov plot to the Bolshevik’s success in October 1917? (8 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 18

19. Explain why the year 1905 was a challenging year for Nicholas II. (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 19

20. Why did the Petrograd Soviet present a challenge to the Provisional Government’s effective running of Russia? (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 20

21. How successful were the Provisional Government? (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 21

22. Explain Lenin’s role in the Russian Revolution of 1917. (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 22

23. ‘I honestly believe that there was a movement before 1917 towards Revolution which nothing could have broken or stopped. It was this movement which brought Lenin to power. The reason why the Bolsheviks came to power is, I believe, because at that moment they had the people behind them. It was the people, not Lenin who made the Revolution’ ‘The Bolshevik Party was waging a determined struggle to win over the masses. The struggle was headed by Lenin, who led and guided the Party’s central committee. He frequently addressed mass rallies and meetings. Lenin’s speeches, noted for their intelligent content and brilliant delivery, inspired workers and soldiers. The Bolshevik Party’s membership began to grow rapidly’ Why do sources B and C have different views about who led the Bolshevik seizure of power? (8 marks) Source B Source C: From a school textbook written in 1994 Source C Joseph Berger, a Comintern staff worker imprisoned under Stalin, writing in Italy in 1973 23

24. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 24

25. Was the weakness of the Provisional Government the main reason for the Bolshevik’s success in October 1917? (12 marks) In your answer you should analyse both the weaknesses of the Provisional Government and any other significant factors. Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question. ` (3 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 25

26. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 26

27. 27

28. Use source A and your own knowledge to describe the food shortages during the Civil War. (3 marks) Starving Russian peasants trading in human flesh during the Civil War ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Source A 28

29. Use source A and your own knowledge to describe the role propaganda played in aiding the Reds during the Civil War. (3 marks) A 1919 Bolshevik poster showing the Whites as dogs, on leads held by the Allied Powers. The dogs are named Denikin, Kolchak and Yudenich. Source A ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29

30. Outline the nature and purpose of the Red Terror led by Dzerzhinsky from December 1917. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 30

31. Describe the role of the Cheka during the Civil War. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 31

32. Outline the part played by foreign powers in the Civil War. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 32

33. Outline how War Communism benefitted the Red Army. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 33

34. Explain why the Whites were made up of so many different factions. (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 34

35. Why was War Communism so unpopular amongst ordinary Russians? (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 35

36. Why was there opposition to the Bolsheviks after their first six months in power? (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 36

37. Why was the geographical area controlled by the Reds during the Civil War important to their eventual victory? (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 37

38. Explain what happened to the Constituent Assembly in January 1918. (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 38

39. Explain why the Tsar and his family were murdered in 1918. (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 39

40. Explain the reforms that the Bolsehvik’s introduced in their first few months of power to encourage support from town workers and peasants. (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 40

41. Why do sources B and C have different views about the policy of food requisitioning during the civil war? (8 marks) The 1945 memoirs of a former Bolshevik who was exiled from the party in 1928 A 1919 Bolshevik poster encouraging food requisition squads that operated in the countryside. The poster reads: ‘You shed your blood for the workers’ and peasants’ revolution. The workers and peasants will deny themselves and give you their last clothes and boots. Take them!’ Source B Source C 41

42. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 42

43. How important was Trotsky in aiding the victory of the Reds in the Civil War? (8 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 43

44. How important was the policy of War Communism in enabling the Reds to win the Civil War? (8 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 44

45. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... How far had Lenin secured a strong communist state by 1921? (12 marks) In your answer you should discuss both the strengths and weaknesses of Lenin’s changes in Russia. Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question. ` (3 marks) 45

46. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 46

47. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... Was Lenin’s leadership the most important reason why the Reds’ won the Civil War? (12 marks) In your answer you should analyse the role of Lenin during the Civil War, as well as other important factors. Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question. ` (3 marks) 47

48. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 48

49. 49

50. Use source A and your own knowledge to describe why Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy. (3 marks) Source A Industrial and agricultural output in Russia, 1913 vs 1921 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50

51. Use source A and your own knowledge to describe the Bolshevik’s approach to religion in the Soviet Union. (3 marks) A photograph of a church being looted by Red Army soldiers, 1921 Source A ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51

52. Describe the Krondstadt Mutiny. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 52

53. Outline the main features of the New Economic Policy. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 53

54. Outline the five leadership contenders in 1923. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 54

55. Outline why the Comintern had limited success in the years 1919- 1921. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 55

56. Outline how Lenin tried to use Art and Culture to establish support for Communist Rule (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 56

57. Describe why Lenin thought neither Stalin nor Trotsky should succeed him as the sole leader of the Soviet Union. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 57

58. Describe how the Communist Party controlled the government at every level. (4 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 58

59. Explain the effects that War Communism had inflicted on the Russian people by the end of the Civil War. (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 59

60. Why did Stalin emerge as the favourite to succeed Lenin by the end of 1924? (6 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 60

61. Why do sources B and C have different views on how Lenin’s legacy is viewed? (8 marks) From a book entitled Lenin and the Bolsheviks, 1966 Source B Mourners at Lenin’s funeral in Moscow, January 1924 Source C 61

62. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 62

63. How successful was the New Economic Policy? (8 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 63

64. How important was the use of propaganda and censorship in the establishment of a Communist state? (8 marks) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 64

65. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... How far did life for ordinary Russians improve under Communism between the years 1921 and 1924? (12 marks) In your answer you should consider the different experiences of different sections of Russian society. Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question. ` (3 marks) 65

66. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 66

67. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... How Lenin created a strong Communist state by 1924? (12 marks) In your answer you should discuss both the strengths and weaknesses of Lenin’s changes in Russia. Marks for spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar are allocated to this question. ` (3 marks) 67

68. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………...………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 68