1. Franklin Ortiz and Immanuel Jones 1/23/2012 Omega 11 /Phoenix 10 Ms. Costache

2. Solute - A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution Solvent - A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution Solubility - is the ability of a substance to dissolve Saturated solution- A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in given amount

3. The purpose of this experiment was to determine what factors affect solubility. In everyday life there are things that get dissolved and we wanted to know why some things dissolve faster than others. For this exploration, we chose sugar as the independent variable. We used four different types of sugars to see if they had an effect on the time it took to dissolve. The dependent variable was the amount of time that it took the different sugars to dissolve.

4. Independent Variable – different types of sugars Dependent Variable – time Fixed Variables – the amount of water

5. What is the effect of different sugars on dissolving time?

6. If the powdered sugar is already broken down then it should dissolve faster because less energy will be required to dissolve it.

7. Pure Granulated sugar Dark Brown sugar Confectioners sugar Light brown sugar Beaker Graduated Cylinder Magnetic stir plate Magnetic stir bar

8. 1. Measure 50 ml of water 2. Measure 10 grams of Pure granulated sugar 3. Place magnetic stir bar into beaker 4. Place beaker on magnetic stir plate 5. Turn magnetic stir plate to 400 rpm 6. Add sugar into water and start timer 7. Stop timer when all sugar is dissolve and record time in data table 8. Repeat steps 1 to 7 for dark brown, light brown, domino sugar

9. Time(seconds) DV trial 1 DV trial 2 DV trial 3 DV trial 4 DV Avg Types of sugar Granulated White Sugar34.940.238.637.737.85 Dark Brown sugar48.656.558.159.755.725 Powdered Sugar54.454.854.2 54.4 Light Brown Sugar31.736.727.133.732.3

11. As the type of sugar changed, the time to dissolve changed. Light brown sugar dissolved faster than all the other sugars. The time for light brown sugar was 32.15sec. The sugar with the slowest time was dark brown sugar which was 55.72sec. Dark brown sugar was the heaviest and most compact because the sugar crystals were more stuck together than the light brown sugar. Dark brown sugar is less processed than white sugar and therefore is more compact. I expected the powder sugar to dissolve first because its particles are much smaller This is important because it shows you how sugars dissolve in your drinks. The data did not support my hypothesis of If the powdered sugar is already broken down then it should dissolve faster because less energy will be required to dissolve it

12. Random errors are errors in measurement that lead to measurable values being inconsistent when repeated measures of a constant attribute or quantity are taken. In this experiment the random error was that I may not have always stopped it at exactly the precise time. Systematic error is the difference between the actual value of what is being measured and the value you found. The results of systematic error are precise but not accurate. The systematic error in this experiment was that the first balance that we used was broken. Human error is a mistake occurs when you, the experimenter, make a mistake. A human error in this experiment was when I accidently put the sugar in before I set of the timer.

13. The time that it takes to dissolve sugars in water is relevant to our everyday lives because we use sugar in drinks, cooking, and baking. It is important to understand how the type of sugar chosen will affect the final product.

14. If we were to do another experiment on solubility, we would like to study why some things dissolve faster than others.