1. Biology 102 Laboratory 3 Arteries I Human/Cat Gross Anatomy Histology
16 slides, 25 min.

2. Objectives for Lab 3
Identify the arteries above the diaphragm and in the upper limb listed on your Lab Handout in a human model or photograph of a human.
Identify the arteries above the diaphragm and in the upper limb listed on your Lab Handout on a dissected cat or photograph of a cat.
Describe the layers/tunics and histological characteristics of arteries.
Be able to trace the path of a drop of blood through the arteries you learned today.

3. Systemic Circuit
Composed of vessels that lead from the heart to all body parts (except the lungs) and back to the heart
Includes the aorta and its branches (know!)
Includes the system of veins that return blood to the right atrium
Includes the coronary circulation

4. Comparison of Walls of Arteries and Veins
Smooth muscle of the tunica media in both arteries and veins is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system.
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

5. Major Vessels of Arterial System
Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart.
Same ‘tube’ is named something different depending on the anatomical landmark it’s near.
Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

6. Major Blood Vessels Associated With Heart
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
You should know all the vessels and structures on this slide
Remember your ABCs: Aortic arch, Brachiocephalic, Carotid, subclavian

7. Arteries to Neck, Head, and Brain
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 * * * * * *

8. Arteries to Shoulder and Upper Limb* * *
= pulse points * *
Brachiocephalic a. becomes the subclavian a. after giving rise to the left common carotid and subclavian arteries; thereafter it is the subclavian a. The axillary a. begins after the subclavian a. passes the superior border of the first rib; the axillary a. becomes the brachial a. after giving rise to the anterior and posterior circumflex arteries.
Collateral arteries are branches arising FROM another artery, recurrent arteries are arteries coming back into a major artery after branching. *
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

9. Cat Blood Vessel Dissection Schedule
Blood vessel labs
Dissection 1(today - arteries above diaphragm and upper limb)
Preparing the cat (see page 721 in Marieb)
Cardiovascular (pp in Marieb)
Dissection 2 (next lab - arteries below diaphragm and lower limbs)
Dissection 3 (two weeks from today – all veins)
Cardiovascular (pp in Marieb)

10. Objectives for Today’s Cat Dissection
Begin dissecting the preserved cat to identify arteries above the diaphragm and in the upper limb.
Begin to identify the arteries listed on the Cat Artery Checklist for Lab 3 in your Laboratory Guide
DON’T RUSH YOUR DISSECTION!!!

11. Precautions for Cat Dissection
You must wear gloves and goggles for this lab!
ABSOLUTELY NO FOOD OR DRINK
Be EXTREMELY careful when using the scalpels
Keep your index finger on the top of the blade
Be careful not to inadvertently cut structures
Use a blunt probe, or your gloved fingers to dissect away tissue. Use the scalpel ONLY for initial cutting. Proceed S-L-O-W-L-Y.
Discard scraps/liquid into the appropriate container
Gloves, paper towels, plastic bags -> regular trash

12. Getting started with Cat Dissection…
Work in groups of three or four
Get some paper towels and keep them at your lab table
Get your instruments and dissecting tray (large trays in the front of the lab) ready
Get a cat and cut open the sealed bag but don’t discard the fluid; you’ll be using this cat all semester and replacing the fluid each time.
Let the cat out of the bag! 

13. Getting started with Cat Dissection…
See page 721 in Marieb’s Lab Manual
This will prepare the cat for the rest of the dissections
Try to identify the major organs you see before you begin dissecting any further
Look at the preserved, dissected cat (front of lab) to get an idea of what you’ll see for each system

14. Getting started with Cat Dissection…
Once the initial cuts have been made according to the instructions in your Lab Manual, you are ready to continue with artery identification
Note that the cats have been dual injected with dyes (red = arteries, blue = veins)
Note the differences in the anatomy of the cat (vs. the human) in the blood vessels around the heart (see your Laboratory Handout)

15. Cardiovascular system
Open the rib cage by cutting just to one side of the sternum with scissors then spread the ribs
Examine the position of the thoracic organs, i.e., heart and lungs and the membranes surrounding them
Gently begin to remove the fatty/glandular tissue from the surface of the heart to expose the vessels around the heart (see preserved cat)
Work S-L-O-W-L-Y to dissect away the CT from the vessels. Use a blunt probe.

16. Initial Cuts to be made to prepare for the Cat for further dissection

17. Artery Dissection
You should be able to locate the arteries above the diaphragm and in the upper limb that are listed in your Lab Guide
Notice the pulmonary vessels and try to trace their path to their connections to the lungs

18. Right common carotid artery
Left common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery
Left subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic artery
Heart (within pericardium)
Aorta
06_C2013_labeled.jpg

19. Left external maxillary artery
Left lingual artery
Left external carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery
Left internal carotid artery
Left common carotid artery
02_C0054_labeled.jpg

20. Radial vein Radial artery Brachial artery Ulnar artery Brachial vein
03_C2029a_labeled.jpg
Brachial vein

21. Left thyrocervical artery Left axillary artery Left
vertebral
artery
Left brachial artery
04_C0051_labeled.jpg
Left
subclavian
artery

22. Right external jugular vein
Left common carotid artery
Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian vein
Left external jugular vein
Left subclavian vein
Right brachiocephalic vein
Right subclavian artery
Left brachiocephalic vein
Left subclavian artery
Superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic artery
Aorta
Right atrium of heart
07_C2016a_labeled.jpg
Left ventricle of heart
Right ventricle of heart

23. Right common carotid artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Right subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic artery
12_C0053_labeled.jpg
Aorta

24. *Note the differences from the human
Right common carotid artery
Left common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery
Left subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic artery
11_C0052_labeled.jpg
Lungs
Trachea
Ascending aorta
Descending aorta
Aortic arch
*Note the differences from the human

25. Brachiocephalic artery Left subclavian artery
Aortic arch
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Descending aorta
08_C2021_labeled.jpg
Left ventricle
Esophagus
Diaphragm

26. Right thyrocervical artery
Left thyrocervical artery
Right brachial artery
Left axillary artery
Right axillary artery
Right vertebral artery
Left vertebral artery
Right subclavian artery
Left internal mammary artery
Right thoracodorsal artery
Left subclavian artery
09_C0050_labeled.jpg
Right internal mammary artery

27. Left common carotid artery Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery
Left subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic artery
Aortic arch
Ascending aorta
10_C0050a_labeled.jpg
Heart
Descending aorta

28. Aortic arch Pulmonary trunk Intercostal arteries Heart
Brachiocephalic artery
Left subclavian artery
Aortic arch
Ascending aorta
Descending aorta (thoracic aorta)
Pulmonary trunk
Intercostal arteries
Heart
13_C0055_labeled.jpg

29. Aorta Right atrium Pulmonary trunk Right ventricle Left atrium
Coronary vessels
14_C0063_labeled.jpg
Left ventricle
Apex of the heart

30. Things you should do in lab today
Examine the artery slide under the microscope
Name/identify the layers of the artery
Describe how each layer (tunic) is constructed
Refer to Marieb’s Lab Manual Figure 32.1 left side
Perform cat dissection of arteries listed for Lab 3 (above diaphragm and upper limb). See Marieb’s Lab manual pp. 721 and for instructions.
Review human arteries listed for Lab 3 (above diaphragm and upper limb)
Complete Lab 3 Assignment on a separate sheet of paper, put your name on it, and hand it in today.

31. Marieb Figure 32.2, page 471

32. To be handed in… Lab 3 Assignment (Figures 32.2, 32.3, and 32.4)
Exercise 1 - trace the path of a drop of blood from just after it leaves the heart until it reaches left side of the brain.
Exercise 2 - trace the path of a drop of blood from just after it leaves the heart until it reaches right wrist.

33. Next Lab…
We will continue with arteries in the next lab: those below the diaphragm and serving the lower limb
Good idea to look ahead at the arteries we’ll be covering.