1. 18 th Century Art in Europe and the Americas

2.  Grasp the essential intellectual thrusts of the Enlightenment.  Become familiar with the basic ideas underlying Neoclassicism and Romanticism.  See how Neoclassicism and Romanticism differ.  See what elements Neoclassicism and Romanticism share.

3.  Scientific Revolution (16 th )  Glorious Revolution (17 th )  Industrial Revolution (18 th )  American Revolution (18 th )  French Revolution (18 th & 19 th )

4.  Age of Reason  Reaches its height in mid-1700’s  Influenced by Scientific Revolution  Belief in progress  through reason, a better society was possible

5. John Locke Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, and The Pursuit of Property Montesquieu 3 Branches of Government Diderot Encylopedea Voltaire Civil Liberties Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech ENLIGHTENMENT

6.  “Style of Louis XV”  Rococo = coquillage +rocaille (shells & stones)  Difference between Baroque & Rococo:  B: Theatrical, Grand-Scale, Dramatic  R: Intimate, Playful, Tender, Whimsical  Pastel Colors predominate art

7.  Rise of Rococo when Louis XIV dies  aristocracy leave Versailles  Build elegant town houses (hotels)  Designed for private living  “Age of Aristocrats”  Focus on interior layout & décor (decorative arts)  Concerned with intimate settings & individual styles  Spreads to aristocracy throughout Europe

8.  “14 Auxiliary Saints”  Complex arrangement of curved shapes  NO straight lines  Combination of painting, sculpture, and architecture

9. Church of the Vierzehnheiligen Johann Balthasar Neumann 1743-72

15.  Jean-Antoine Watteau  Original Gangsta of French Rococo  Studied Rubens and Giorgione  Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera  Fete-Galante  Elegant outdoor entertainment

17. RUBENS

20.  Francois Boucher  Worked in Versailles  Best known for his mythological scenes  Goddess of love = Center  Giant Shell  Style similar to Rubens

21. Triumph of Venus Francois Boucher 1740

23.  Jean-Honore Fragonard  Commissioned by Madame du Barry  Louis XV’s last mistress  The Meeting  Secret Encounter  Entertaining Subject  Lush Painting

24. The Meeting Jean-Honore Fragonard 1771-73

28.  French Portrait Painters moved towards naturalistic poses  Informal  Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun  Queen’s personal portrait painter  Meant to counter her image as selfish and extravagant

29. Portrait of Marie Antoinette Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun 1787

32.  William Hogarth  Believed art should contribute to the improvement of society  Moralizing tales  Marriage based on love rather than aristocratic intrigue  Couple on the couch

33. The Marriage Contract William Hogarth 1743

34.  Enlightenment Inspired  Industrial Revolution Inspired  Caravaggio Inspired  Really just inspired!!!

35. An Experiment Joseph Wright 1768

36. Sir Joshua Reynolds Miss Elizabeth Ingram. 1757. Sir Joshua Reynolds Sir Joshua Reynolds was the most important and influential of 18th century English painters, specializing in portraits and promoting the "Grand Style" in painting which depended on idealization of the imperfect.

37. Sir Joshua Reynolds Portrait Of Richard Peers Symons 1770. ENGLISH NEOCLASSICAL

38. Mrs. Richard Brinsley Thomas Gainsborough 1787. English NEOCLASSICAL

41. Thomas Gainsborough The Blue Boy 1770 ENGLISH NEOCLASSICAL

42. Sir Joshua ReynoldsThomas Gainsborough

44.  Rococo V. Neoclassicism V. Romanticism  Sensuous Simple/Restrained Imagination/Emotions  Roughly 1750 to 1850  Art reflects “the glory that was Greece, and the grandeur that was Rome” (Poe)  Sought to revive the ideals of ancient Greek and Roman art  Reacted against the ornate, artificiality of the Rococo Period  Reflects reason & logic of Enlightenment  Inspired by Pompeii  1738

45. Jacques Louis David Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Lebrun Adélaïde Labille-Guiard N E O C L A S S I C A L William Hogarth Sir Joshua Reynolds Thomas Gainsborough Benjamin West John Singleton Copley Gilbert Stuart AMERICAN ENGLISH FRENCH

46.  History Painting = Highest form of artistic endeavor  Exemplified “Good Mother”

47. Cornelia Pointing to Her Children as Her Treasures Angelica Kauffmann1785. NEOCLASSICAL

48.  Reaction against Rococo  Return to moral austerity  Inspired by Palladio’s Villa Rotunda  Ornate interior…Ironic???

50. Andrea Palladio Villa Rotonda, c1566. HIGH ITALIAN RENAISSANCE Richard Boyle (Lord Burlington) Chiswick House, c1729. ENGLISH NEOCLASSICAL

51.  Glorifies the British General James Wolfe  Died in a British Victory over the French  7 Years War  A Random Indian???

52. The Death of General Wolfe Benjamin West 1770

54.  Witnessed the fading fortunes of the Rococo  Denis Diderot considered first art critic  “To Inpire virtue and purify manners.”

55.  Jean-Simeon Chardin  Still Lifes and Domestic Scenes  Encourages benevolent exercise of authority and willing submission

56.  The Governess  Jean-Baptiste Chardin  1739

57.  Jean-Baptiste Greuz  Middle Class Drama  Drunken Father = Unhappy Family

58. Drunken Cobbler Jean-Baptiste Greuze 1780-85

59.  Jacques-Louis David  Studied antique sculpture  Assimilated Principle of NEOclassicism  Inspired by a 17 th century drama Horace  Based on ancient Roman historical texts  3 Sons of Horace = Rome  Emotional chicks in the background  Became an emblem of the French Revolution

60. Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1787.

61.  Jacobin Leader  Radical Journalist  Suffered skin ailment  Stabbed by Charlotte Corday  Displays quiet aftermath of the death  Desk = Tombstone  Martyr

62. Jacques-Louis David Death of Marat 1793. N E O C L A S S I C A L

67. Jacques-Louis David Coronation of Napoleon & Josephine of 2 Dec 1804, 1806-7.

69. Palace of Versailles, France

70. Coronation at Louvre (Original) Coronation at Palace of Versailles

71. Coronation at Louvre (Original) Coronation at Palace of Versailles

72. Jacques-Louis David Napoleon Crossing St. Bernard 1800-01. N E O C L A S S I C A L

73. Jacques-Louis David Napoleon in His Study 1812. N E O C L A S S I C A L

74. Cupid and Psyche Antonio Canova 1787

76.  Jean-Antoine Houdon  Naturalism  Carved busts and full-length statues of many important figures of his era  Commissioned by Virginia Legislature  Thirteen Rods = Colonies

77.  George Washington  Jean-Antoine Houdin  1788

78.  Thomas Jefferson = Architect  Based on Ancient Roman Temples  Charlottesville, VA  Embodies NEOClassical Stizzzyle

80. Thomas Jefferson, Monticello Charlottesville, VA, 1770-1806 AMERICAN NEOCLASSICAL

81.  John Singleton Copley  Wealthy Clientele  Commissioned by Brook Watson  Wealthy London Merchant  Pyramidal

84. John Singleton Copley Samuel Adams, 1772.